PRIMAEVAL MAN IN THE VALLEY OF THE LEA. 129
in the Lea Valley, although the two views of a piece of fossil bone
shown, one-half the actual size, in fig. 9, have a very distinct Palaeo-
Fig. 10.—Piece of fossil antler, showing signs of hacking, from Little Thurrock
(one-half actual size).
lithic form, whilst the top end shows traces of splintering or flaking,
which may, however, be accidental.
In fig. 10 is illustrated, one-half actual size, a
fragment of a fossil antler of red deer (Cervus
elaphus, L.), found by me in situ, with numerous
other fragments of antlers, bones, tusks, and
keen flakes and implements, on the "Palaeolithic
Floor," at Little Thurrock. It is interesting as
distinctly showing (as I think), a fracture pro-
duced by the straight edge of a Palaeolithic
implement at A B. The blow has broken the
antler, and the small piece broken off is seen
at C D., not free, as it was in Palaeolithic
times, but naturally and firmly cemented by
a ferruginous deposit into one mass with the
larger piece; the fragment of antler is made
more interesting by the presence of an im-
pression in the hard ferruginous deposit at E
of a shell of Corbicula fluminalis, Mull, a shell
of a mollusc now extinct in Britain, abundantly
found in a fossil state on the same "floor;"
F is a fragment of antler naturally cemented;
G is a hard cemented mass of ferruginous sand.
The example itself is now in the British Museum,

Bloomsbury.
It is probable that Palaeolithic men used many
tools made of wood, chiefly perhaps clubs for

Fig. 11.—Two artificially
pointed Birch Stakes from
Stoke Newington (scale,
one inch to one foot).
defence and attack, and stakes for supporting the roofs of rude huts.
A great deal of wood has been met with on the "Palaeolithic Floor,"
H