136 PRIMAEVAL MAN IN THE VALLEY OF THE LEA.
List of the larger animals whose fossil remains have been found
in the Thames valley gravels, sands, and brick earths north
of London.
1. Lion, Felis spelaea, Goldf.
2. Wild Cat, Felis catus ferus, Linn.
3. Hyaena, Hyaena crocuta, Zimm;
var. spelaea, Goldf.
4. Wolf, Cams lupus, Linn.
5. Fox, Canis vulpes, Linn.
6. Brown Bear, Ursus arctos, Linn.
7. Grisly Bear, Ursus ferox, Linn,
and C.
8. Otter, Lutra vulgaris, Erxl.
9. Mammoth, Elephas primigenius,
Bl.
10. Straight-tusked Elephant, Elephas
antiquus, Falc.
11. Horse, Equus caballus, Linn.
12. Big-nosed Rhinoceros, Rhinoceros
megarhinus, Chr.
13. Small-nosed Rhinoceros, Rhinoceros
leptorhinus, Owen.
14. Wooly Rhinoceros, Rhinoceros
tichorhinus, Cuv.
15. Wild Boar, Sus scrofa ferox, L.
16. Hippopotamus, Hippopotamus
major, Cuv.
17. Stag, Cervus elaphus, Linn.
18. Roe, Cervus capreolus, Linn.
19. Reindeer, Cervus tarandus, Linn.
20. Irish Elk, Megaceros hibernicus,
Owen.
21. Urus, Bos primigenius, Boj.
22. Bison, Bison prisons, Boj.
23. Beaver, Castor europaeus, Owen.
24. Water Vole, Arvicola amphibia,
Owen.
The bones of man have not at present been certainly found in the
Palaeolithic deposits of the Thames valley ; man is only known to
have lived in company with the animals above enumerated by his
works in the shape of the well-known and beautifully made imple-
ments of stone.
A fragment of human skull (see Essex Naturalist, p. 45 ante) has,
however, been found near the northern border of Essex, 7 1/2 feet in brick
earth, by the side of the high road from Bury St. Edmunds to Saxham, in
Suffolk. The discovery was made by Mr. Henry Prigg, M.A.I., and
is recorded on the "Journal of the Anthropological Institute" vol.
xiv., p. 51 (1884—5). Mr. Prigg says he thinks there can be no
question as to the great antiquity of the fragment, and that the
deposit of red loam in which it was found must have been formed
long anterior to the complete excavation of the valley of the Linnet
to the south. It was found in a "pocket" eroded in the chalk. In
adjoining "pockets" two grinders of the Mammoth were found, and
four Palaeolithic implements. By the courtesy of Mr. Prigg, I am
enabled to print an illustration of the skull fragment (fig. 16)
engraved one-half the actual size from nature by myself. It consists
of a portion of a frontal bone, about five inches of the coronal
suture, and a little over two inches of the sagittal with the anterior
third of the left parietal, and a small portion of the right. The
thickest part of the bone is three-tenths of an inch. Mr. Prigg
considers the fragment to have belonged to "an undersized,