16 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COUNCIL meetings have been fully reported in the Essex Naturalist, and the Council has only here to express the thanks of the Club to Mr. J. E. Harting, Prof. S. P. Thompson, Mr. F. C. Gould, Prof. Flower, Mr Walter Crouch, Mr. Geo. Massee, Dr. M. C. Cooke, Prof. Boulger, Mr. F. W. Rudler, and many other gentlemen, for kind aid in delivering lectures or addresses, or in other ways forwarding the interests of the Society. The following is a list of the papers and lectures which have been read or delivered at the above-mentioned meetings :— "The Past and Future of the Essex Field Club." T. V. Holmes, F.G.S., M.A.I. "Wild Fowl Decoys in Essex." J. E. Harting, F.L.S. "William Gilbert: Founder of the Science of Electricity." Prof. S. P. Thompson, D.Sc, etc. "On Some Essex Boulders." Rev. A. W. Rowe, M.A., F.G.S. "Bird Harmonies in Nature." F. C. Gould. "Structure and Modifications of the Wings and Feet of Birds." Prof. W. H. Flower, C.B., LL.D., F.R.S. (Lecture.) "Land and Freshwater Mollusca, and the Methods of Collecting and Preserving them." J. E. Harting, F.L.S. "Report on the Denehole Explorations in Hangman's Wood, near Grays, during 1884-87." T. V. Holmes and W. Cole. "Notes on Chalk Wells." F. G. Bennett, F.G.S. "Preliminary List of the Land and Fresh-water Mollusca occurring in the neighbourhood of Felstead, Essex." J. French. "History of Botany in Essex," Part II. Prof. G. S. Boulger, F.L.S., F.G.S. "The London Clay." P. W. Rudler, F.G.S. In addition to the above, many communications have been received by the Editor, and published at once in the Essex Naturalist (as well as the papers and notes remaining in hand from former years, referred to below). It may be well to give the titles of some of the more important of these papers, omitting short notes, reviews, obituary notices, etc :— "A Report on the Flowering Plants Growing in the neighbourhood of Colchester." J. C. Shenstone, F.R.M.S. "Primaeval Man in the Valley of the Lea" (three papers). Worthington G. Smith, F.LS. "On the Subsidence at Lexden, near Colchester, in 1862." Rev. O. Fisher, M.A., F.G.S. "John Norden's Map of Essex." W. Cole. "The 'Essex Emerald' Moth." W. Cole. "Theydon Bois : An Enquiry into the origin of the word 'Bois,' as applied to a portion of the Ancient Manor of Taidena, Essex." Benjamin Winstone. "Two New Essex Gall-makers." Edward A. Fitch, F L.S. "What is the Use of the Essex Field Club ?" William Whitaker, F.R.S., F.G.S. "A Plea for the Essex Ravens." J. H. Gurney, F.Z.S. "Preliminary List of the Microscopic Fungi of Essex—Ustilaginei and AEcidiomycetes." Dr. M. C. Cooke. "The Manchester Meeting of the British Association." Prof. R. Meldola, F.R.S. "Notes on Some Pits near Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire." H. B. Woodward, F.G.S. "Ensilage, or Preserving Grain in Pits." F. C. J. Spurrell, F.G.S.