82
THE LEPIDOPTERA OF ESSEX.
seen it in this neighbourhood before" (H. Doubleday ; Ent. i. 389).
Numerous in 1842, common in 1843, Epping (H. Doubleday ; Z. ii.
398). Occurred in numbers in Aug., 1844 [? should be 1842],
Epping, Loughton (J. English ; E.N. i. 111). Three, Snaresbrook,
Aug. 21st, 1842 (W. Courtney ; Ent. i. 388). One, near "Wake
Arms," Epping Forest, 1868 (W. J. Argent). Forty-one, St. Osyth,
Aug., 1842 (A. Lambert ; Ent. i. 389). Colchester, but rare (Har-
wood ; B.B. 142). Thirty-six, Aug., 1857, Colchester (Harwood;
E.W.I. ii. 195). Twelve, Aug. 15th, 1868, Colchester (Harwood;
Ent. iv. 146 ; E.M.M. iii. 106). Six eggs sent by Mr. Harwood, of
Colchester, Sept. 16th, 1875 (Buckler, Larvae 16). Two, Great
Yeldham, Aug. 1842 (W. D. King ; Ent. i. 416). Five, Lower
Southend, Aug. 12th and 13th, 1842 (A. Greenwood ; Ent. i. 416).
One, Springfield, Sept. 7th, 1842 (Greenwood ; Ent. i. 416). Fifty,
Southend, 1868 (J. Russell ; Ent. iv. 160). Common in some
seasons, Leigh (Vaughan ; E.N. iii. 125). One, Leigh, Sept. 11th,
1889 (B. G. Cole : E.N. iii. 93). Felsted (Rep. F.S.N.H.S. ii. 44).
One, Witham, Sept. 24th, 1868 (W. D. Cansdale ; Ent. iv. 160).
Several, Witham, 1875 (Cansdale ; Ent. viii. 221). St. Lawrence,
1875 (J. W. Mills ; Ent. viii. 276). Seventy in 1875, Woodham
Mortimer, Hazeleigh (Raynor ; Ent. viii. 300). Common, Maldon,
&c., 1875 (Fitch ; Ent. viii. 221). Five or six, Maldon, June 10th,
1876 (Fitch ; Ent. ix. 202). A few, St. Lawrence, Maldon (Mills;
Fitch; Ent. x. 191). One, Maldon ; one, Hazeleigh, Aug. 29th,
1889 (Fitch ; E.N. iii. 122). One, Warley, Sept., 1885 (Raynor;
Ent. xviii. 315). Saffron Walden (W. R. Jeffrey ; B.B. 142).
Euchloe cardamines, L. Orange Tip.
Geographical Distribution—Europe (except polar regions), Asia, North and
West. Throughout Britain.
Larva—Dull green, white stripe at sides. Food—Pods and flower-stems of vari-
ous Cruciferae, especially charlock, bittercress or cuckoo-flower, garden rocket and
Alliaria. Imago—April to June ; hibernates as pupa. A second autumnal brood
is very rare, but not unknown (see Ent. ii. 293 ; xix. 247 ; xx. 63, 135).
Plentiful throughout the county.
Dr. C. de Gavere (Tijdschrift x. 185) says of this species, "It is,
perhaps, from an agricultural point of view, the only truly useful
lepidopterous insect. I always find the larva upon charlock or wild
radish, eating especially the flowers, and so preventing the dissemi-
nation of these troublesome plants." Its larva is certainly useful in