THE LEPIDOPTERA OF ESSEX. 91
is (as Mr. Haworth has observed) that 'their eggs in this climate,
like the seeds of some vegetables, may occasionally lie dormant for
several seasons, and not hatch, until some extraordinary but undis-
covered coincidences awaken them into active life.' Until four or
five years since V. antiopa had not been seen for nearly forty years,
when it was exceedingly abundant in different parts of the kingdom.
In the year 1819 a few were taken in Suffolk, and Mr. Samouelle cap-
tured one the following spring that had lived through the winter,
since which period it has not been seen. It has received its Eng-
lish name from having been first observed at Camberwell, whither
it might have been attracted by willows, upon which the larvae feed,
and are full grown the beginning of July," &c. (Curtis ; B.E. 96).
Insect migration was then but imperfectly understood (see my last
presidential address, E.N. iv. 7). Lewin says, "In March, 1790, a
number of these insects were flying and soaring about for the space
of twelve or fourteen days ; and then, as if with one consent, they
migrated from us and were no more seen."
Little Oakley (Jermyn ; V.M. 69). One, Little Oakley Rectory,
Aug. 18th, 1857 (H. T. Stainton ; E.W.I. iii. 13). Twelve, Colchester,
1872 (Harwood ; E.M.M. ix. 137). Two, Roman Hill, Colchester,
Sept. 2nd, 1872 (H. Aggio ; F. xl. 249). Dr. Laver has a specimen
taken at Middlewick, Colchester, by William Tillaney, Aug. 29th,
1880. Two, Halstead, Sept. 2nd, 1872 (S. R. Bentall ; Ent. vi.
216). One, Clavering, Aug. 31st, 1880 (W. G. Nash ; Ent. xiii.
239). One, Saffron Walden, Sept., 1846 (G. S. Gibson ; Z. iv.
1507). Three, Witham, Aug. 23rd-Sept. 5th, 1872 (Cansdale;
Ent. vi. 215 ; F. xl. 214). One, Great Braxted, 1837 (C. Walford;
E.L.J. 27), One, Maldon, Sept. 13th, 1872 (Raynor ; Ent. vi.
216). I have one from Maldon, taken many years ago by Miss
Hance (see E.N. ii. 242). Several, Mundon, 1872 (Raynor ; Ent.
vi. 216, 264). Two, Latchingdon, 1872 (Chelmsford Chronicle;
Ent. vi. 216). One, Cold Norton, 1879 (Raynor ; T.E.F.C, iii.
38). Several, Burnham, 1872 (Raynor ; Ent. vi. 216). One,
Burnham, 1872 (Fitch ; E.N. ii. 83). One, Bradwell-on-Sea, Sept.
2nd, 1872 (J. W. Mills ; Ent. vi. 215). One, Canewdon, July,
25th, 1873 (Fitch ; Ent. vi. 457). One, Hockley, Aug 24th, 1872
(Fitch ; Ent. vi. 193). One, Southend, Aug. 28th, 1872 (E. J. Hig-
gins ; E.M.M. ix. 109). One, Southend, 1872 (C. S. Barnes ; F.
xl. 249). One, Chelmsford, Aug. 26th, 1857 (J. Flatman, E.W.I.
ii. 182). One, Brentwood, Sept. 2nd, 1872 (E. F. Growse ; Ent. vi.