IN PART OF NORTH-WESTERN ESSEX.
217
other half, stiff yellow clay or tile earth, then the lower three feet into drift. My
well here is about fifty-eight feet deep, white clay at twenty feet through, yellow
about thirty-five feet, and then same as above.
Mr. Richardson's, at the cottages here, late "Flitch of Bacon Inn," is the
deep well. As nearly as I can remember it was same as mine TO SAME DEPTH ;
they came on to the London Clay at about sixty feet, and dug eighty feet in it,
and then bored about 120 feet lower, all London Clay ; had just decided to give
up that day when they came on a thin crust of rock, which, having broken through,
there came in upon them a great rush of water. Yours truly,
Little Dunmow, May 20th, 1891. Robert Hasler.
Notes on the above Letter.
The place of this Artesian Well is about one-eighth of a mile due west of
Throws Farm, Little Dunmow.
The thickness of the London Clay mentioned is a near approximation to the
truth, because the boring was compared at the time with the Saling Well men-
tioned in the Survey Memoir, and much surprise was expressed at its much
greater thickness. The thickness at Great Saling was 165 feet, with seventy-five
feet of drift over it, the surface level being 290, according to Mr. Dalton.—
J. French.
The level of this spot (Little Dunmow) is 28S (new Ordnance Map, Sheet 222),
giving the base of the London Clay at X 28, and the Chalk (by inference) at - 16.
This fairly coincides with my map in Essex Nat., vol. v., p. 113, being a little
south of my zero line, on which the Chalk is at sea level.—W H. Dalton.
REMARKS BY Mr. W. H. DALTON, F.G.S., AND Mr. HORACE W.
MONCKTON, F.G.S.
[At the reading of the above paper, Mr. Dalton sent some observations, and
Mr. Monckton made a few verbal remarks which may be conveniently printed
here:—]
" Although I have not had an opportunity of visiting the sections described
by Mr. French, whose paper was shown me by Mr. Cole some months ago, I
am quite prepared to accept his correlation of these Essex beds with the typical
series at Westleton. In some recent investigations in the Chelmsford district,
effecting various corrections of the Geological Survey Maps, I have found two in-
dubitable outliers of the Westleton series : vis., at Writtle Mill and Roxwell Hoe
Street, whilst the Middle Glacial Gravels in several places are clearly derived in
large part from the denudation of Westleton Beds, which were probably continuous
across the county originally. The occurrence of the Lower Boulder Clay in
similarly severed patches seems to indicate that the principal denudation was in
the Middle Glacial period. Unfortunately the Westleton Beds and the Lower
Boulder Clay are now both so fragmentary in Essex, that their mutual relation
cannot be seen. There can be no doubt (from the Suffolk and Norfolk series)
that the Westleton is the older ; but whether the unconformity below the
Westleton is more serious than that above it, is not determinable, even in the
principal area of development and exposure."—W. H. DALTON.
At the reading of the paper at the meeting on November 7th, Mr. Horace W.
Monckton remarked on its value, and on the interest attaching to the section
near Dunmow High Wood :—"Prof. Prestwich had endeavoured to trace the
P