NOTES—ORIGINAL AND SELECTED. 141
[It is very interesting to hear that L. corydon still exists in the Forest. In
1859 it was observed somewhat commonly near Loughton and at Epping, and
since then several records have been published (see E. A. Fitch's "Butterflies of
Essex," in Essex Naturalist, vol. v., p. 104). One would expect to meet with
the insect on the Chalky Boulder Clay on the N.W. slopes of the Forest, but
Fairmead is an unexpected locality. I believe that I once saw the butterfly near
Stanstead —W. Cole.]
Hesperia lineola, Ochs.—Mr. Hawes, the original discoverer of this new
British butterfly, which was first recognised in specimens taken at Leigh Essex
(see Essex Naturalist, iv., p. 191), has now been enabled to work out the life-
liistory of the insect, and gives a detailed description of the larva and its
distinguishing characters as compared with that of H. thaumas, in the "Ento-
mologist" for August. The food-plant is the coarse grass, Triticum, growing on
the sea-walls near Leigh. Neither species pass the winter in the larval stage, as
has been erroneously stated.
Local Names.—Here, in Mersea, the country people call the butterfly
known in most places as the "Red Admiral" (Vanessa atalanta), "King
Georges." The Black Knap-weed (Centurea nigra) is known as "Arrow-
head," and the red berries of Arum maculatum the children call "Snake's eggs,
because, they say, they are so poisonous.—B. G. Cole, East Mersea.
Past Industries of Colchester.—Major J. E. Bale writes: "The
manufacture of linen was carried on in Colchester up to the seventh decade
of the last century, as Chapman's and Andre's map of Essex shows that the town
possessed several 'Tenter Fields,' all necessarily contiguous to water supplies
viz., several on the meadows to the north of the Castle, and down to the river, and
others near Mersea Road. Thereabouts existed open supplies of spring water
now, for the most part, made tributary to the sewerage of the town. 'Tenter
Fields' were spaces whereon the woven flax fabrics were bleached and treated in
the open air during process of manufacture. Evidences are also found of the
existence of factory buildings in their neighbourhood. Hence on the visit of
the Huguenot Society to Dedham a few weeks ago, the name 'Tenterfield' still
existing there to designate the meadow from the river to the old mediaeval factory
buildings, elicited the circumstance that linen manufacture was carried on there
previous to the occupation of the bay weavers, who re-adapted the building in
question, as shown by constructive features in the fabric. In Mr. Laver's paper,
read before the Society, casual allusion was made to the existence of 'fulling
mills' in the rivers here. The map before-named, in Mr Laver's possession,
shows most of the water mills were 'fulling' or 'corn and fulling mills.' Such
were East Mill and Middle Mill. This clearly explains the fact of 17,000
persons being employed in the bay-making industries, such being distributed
over a large surrounding area, under more healthful condtions than usual in
the factory systems of this day."