GRAVELS NEAR BARKING SIDE, WANSTED AND WALTHAMSTOW. 115
beauty of his work, should endeavour to imitate Constable's style and so build up
for themselves a new conventionality actually based upon the very works in-
tended to protest against such a principle. Constable, like every other man,
must needs have shown his personal individuality and a certain amount of
personal mannerism. To imitate these is to run counter to the very spirit which
he pioneered, and to revive in a new and subtle form the anti-natural convention-
ality which he spent his life trying to break through."
The barge was finally moored near Brantham Lock instead of Manningtree
Lock, as announced in the programme, which is within half a mile of Manning-
tree Station ; but the visitors were able to reach the station in time, haying half
an hour to spare, and were ready to forgive the extra walk in view of the very
pleasant outing which the directors, and Mr. Walter Crouch in particular, had so
successfully organised in this charming district.
[We are much indebted to Messrs. Lawrence and Bullen, of Covent Garden,
for the kind loan of the block of the Old Bay and Say Mill, from Mr. Barrett's
"Essex Highways, Byways, and Waterways, 1892."]
ON THE GRAVELS NEAR BARKING SIDE,
WANSTEAD AND WALTHAMSTOW, ESSEX.
By HORACE W. MONCKTON, F.L.S., F.G.S.
[Read at the meeting at Barking Side, July 1st, 1893.]
CARSWELL, the residence of Mr. Llewellyn Hatton, at which
the following paper was read, is situated on the east of the
River Roding, about a mile and a-half from Barking Side Church.
Its level is a little more than 50 feet above the sea, and from it
the ground slopes gradually up to a level of 118 feet at Clayhall.
The solid geology of the district is extremely simple. On the high
ground to the N.E. at Lambourne End there is a small patch of
Bagshot Sand and below it down to the Barking Reach of the River
Thames there is a wide stretch of London Clay. Well sections tell
us that below the London Clay are the clayey Woolwich and Read-
ing Beds, the Thanet Sands and the Chalk, which last was reached
by a well at the Britannia Works, Ilford, at a depth of 1631/2 feet
(Whitaker, "Geol. of London," vol. ii., p. 23). Upon the London
Clay are a variety of beds of Boulder Clay, Gravel and Sand which
are not so easy to understand as the solid geology. The oldest of
these Drifts in this neighbourhood is probably the patch of gravel at
Lambourne End at a level of 335 feet O.D. I found a small section
there in July, 1890, of which the following are the details :
I 2