60 THE MANAGEMENT OF EPPING FOREST. gether abolished by judicious interference. With this class of correspondent it is difficult to carry on a discussion.3 And now where is this glaring inconsistency ? I said in 1883 (and I repeat it in 1894., "To the naturalist—and I am sure I may say to the intelligent public generally—such a tract of primitive country is beautiful only so long as Nature is given full sway, and the adjustments which for long ages have been going on slowly and silently under the operation of natural laws remain unchecked and uninterfered with by man." But we all know that this ideal generalised "natural condition" does not exist throughout our Forest. You have seen examples of closely packed trees, crowded together in unshapely masses, with spindle branches stretching straight upwards in hideous lankiness. Nature, far from having been given full sway, has been interfered with for so long a period that it will be very many years before we can hope to see a natural state of affairs restored. As the result of lopping in the past we now have dis- tricts from which a large proportion of the trees might still be advantageously removed. I maintain that these features are not natural here because they are the result of man's interference. The policy of the Verderers is to restore and beautify the Forest as far as possible and as rapidly as possible.4 I take it upon myself to state their case in broad outline because it is from them that we wish rather to hear the detailed explanations of management. The present agitation has arisen almost entirely in connection with the thinning out of the trees ; more especially in Monks Wood. It is not for me to explain technically why thinning is necessary ; you can obtain this information from any of our experts. But the atmosphere must be cleared before the dis- cussion of this question can be carried on in a fair manner,—I may add in an intelligible manner to the majority of those present For the correspondence has been conducted in such a strain as to lead the public to suppose that all thinning was an act of Vandalism. It is possible that there may be some who hold this view. I, for one, should be very sorry to see the Forest committed to their management. The question before us now is not whether thinning is necessary in our Forest, but whether what has been done in this direction has been done judiciously—whether too many trees and too much undergrowth has been cleared or, on the other hand, whether it is not desirable to have further clearance.5 I beg those among you who are not practically familiar with forestal opera- tions not to form an opinion based on your inspection of the present appearance of the thinned districts. You must remember that the Conservators hold this Forest in trust not only for the present, but for the future. And with regard to the Verderers I am fully persuaded of this ; that not a single tree has been removed without due consideration—that every trunk which you have seen lying prostrate has been felled for the purpose of giving freedom of growth to other and better trees, to open out vistas for distant views, or to break up the uniform monotony of woodland shade by letting in light for the development of that picturesque undergrowth which in many parts of the Forest is conspicuously absent. I ask you to believe, whether you think that these operations have been 3 The discussion drew front Mr. Percy Lindley the acknowledgment that he wrote the letter referred to. 4 See E. N. Buxton, in "Proc. E.F.C," Vol. III., Appendix I., p. xviii, footnote. 5 Sir John Lubbock, who was with us during the whole afternoon, and who also inspected the more northern parts of the Forest (Theydon Thicket, etc ) before the arrival of the party, writes to me as follows : "I write a line to say that I did not see any cases where too much had been cut; on the contrary, the finer trees cannot reach their full beauty unless by degrees even more room is given them. This, however, must, and no doubt will be, done gradually."—R.M.