THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARCHITECTURE IN ESSEX. 177
diaper pattern worked thereon, The whole arch has a hood mould-
ing enriched with the billet ornament, and beyond that a diaper
ornament. There is a peculiar feature about the jamb stones where
flush with walls, they are all diapered on the flat surface with a four-
leaved pattern. On the west side of door is a semicircular arched
window, and on the east side there is another ; there was originally
a second one more to the east, but this has been removed and a
window of Perpendicular date put in its place. On the north side
is a door, but quite plain, with one window on the west side of it
and two windows on the east side. These windows are very high up
and measure externally 3 feet high by 8 in. wide, with merely a
slight chamfer round ; internally they are boldly splayed to an
opening 5 feet 9 in. high by 3 feet 6 in. wide. The external arch
stones of these windows are all enriched with diaper work, similar to
that round the south doorway. At the west end is a double window
with semicircular heads, but internally they are under one arch,
deeply splayed. The work of this window is comparatively modern,
and therefore we cannot say positively whether it is a faithful restora-
tion. High up in the gable is a single light window similar to
those in the side walls.
The chancel arch was originally semicircular, but this has
been removed, and a wide, flat, four-centred arch introduced.
Unfortunately the external rubble work has been subject to that
vicious treatment known as raised pointing, that is with a wide
raised joint round each pebble or flint, so that the character of the
work has been utterly destroyed. All the four corners of the nave
are formed of squared stones and there is no buttress of any
kind.
No doubt there was a Norman chancel, but this has been
replaced by one of later date. At the time of the Survey, Margaret
Roding was held by Geoffrey de Mandeville, one of the Conqueror's
chief captains, who rewarded him as we are told with 118 lordships,
forty of which were in Essex, and of these we find Norman work at
Great Waltham, Barnston, Mashbury, Broomfield, Margaret Roding,
South Ockendon, Great Leighs, High Easter.
In Essex we have very few remains of the Monasteries of this
period.
Of Hatfield Peveril Priory, founded by Ingelrica, the wife of
Ralph Peverill, but a fragment remains at the west end, and the