18 NOTES ON THE REMAINS OF PLEISTOCENE MAMMALS.
are wanting. The deep trough, or spout-like symphysis, is well
seen. That this jaw belonged to an adult animal is shown by
the presence of what appears to be the last molar tooth (M. 3)
in place on each side, and having about half of the crown uncovered
and worn down, so as to expose the edges of the crenulated enamel
plates. The edges of several worn plates may be seen in each tooth ;
but as the hinder parts are hidden in the jaw the full number of
the plates is not known. The width of the tooth, and the com-
parative narrowness of the plates, agree best with the form of the
teeth of the Mammoth, E. primigenius, and to this species it is
referred.
The current number of The Essex Naturalist, vol. viii., p.
155, contains a notice of the discovery of a fine tusk of an elephant
in the brickfield near Lower Anchor Street, Chelmsford, which has
been presented to the Museum by Mr. James Brown.
Yet another specimen has been secured by the Club from the
same pit as the Elephant, namely a part of the lower jaw of a
Rhinoceros antiquitatis (=tichorhinus). This well preserved specimen
is a right ramus and symphysis, with six grinders in place, showing
that this animal was likewise fully adult.
The species of Mammals now known from the Pleistocene at or
near Chelmsford are as follows, and include some of the most
characteristic species of Pleistocene times :
Elephas primigenius.
Rhinoceros antiquitatis (=tichorhinus).
Hippopotamus amphibius (=major).
Bos taurus wax, primigenius.
and possibly also
Bos bison (?).
Elephas antiquus (?).
One of the chief points of interest in these remains is the position
in which they have been found ; for, as pointed out by Mr. Holmes
in his paper, this Chelmsford deposit of Brick-earth overlies certain
Blue Clay with fragments of chalk, which, it seems, is re-deposited
Chalky Boulder-clay; so that, in this locality, the Mammoth
undoubtedly lived after the deposition of this Boulder-clay.
The perfect state of preservation of these remains, which is
remarkable seeing how near they were to the surface (not more than
6ft.), prevents any idea of their having been derived from pre-existing