246 RELATION OF PALEOLITHIC MAN TO THE GLACIAL EPOCH.
Clement Reid remaining in charge of it throughout the exploration.
A pit was sunk in the brickyard north of Fairstead Farm to a depth
of 20 ft., and a boring made from the bottom of this pit 22 ft.
lower, when the Glacial Sand (underlying the Boulder Clay) was
reached. This depth was about 51 ft. from the surface which existed
before the brickyard was worked. It was then thought desirable
to make a chain of borings east and west of this trial pit and boring,
and sufficient evidence was thus obtained to allow an accurate
section across the ancient silted-up channel to be drawn, and its
relations to the Boulder Clay to be ascertained.
The trial pit in the brickyard was found to be nearly in the
centre of the channel, and the beds seen there were of the following
kind, beginning with that nearest the surface :
A. Brickearth with freshwater shells, wood and Palaeolithic
implements.
B. Gravel and carbonaceous loam (no implements at this spot).
C. Black loam with leaves of Arctic plants.
D. Lignite with Temperate plants.
E. Lacustrine clay with Temperate plants.
G. Sand full of water.
The sand (G) is that which underlies the Boulder Clay. The other
boreholes frequently showed Boulder Clay, but in none of them was
there any deposit not found in the trial pit and boring. Great care
was taken to prevent the fossil remains found in beds C and D
from being mixed. Samples from them were minutely examined and
washed for fossils in London by Mr. Clement Reid and Miss E.
Morse.
The explorers think that long after the disappearance of the ice
which deposited the Chalky Boulder Clay (the latest Glacial deposit
of East Anglia) the land was somewhat higher than at present, so
that the silted-up channel could be excavated to a depth slightly
greater than that of the present channel of the Waveney. Then
gradual subsidence turned this channel into a shallow freshwater
lake. After the lake became silted-up it was overgrown by a
Temperate flora. Then lacustrine conditions again prevailed and a
colder climate, resulting in the deposition of bed C. Then followed
the floods during which the Palaeolithic beds B and A were
deposited. "The Palaeolithic deposits at Hoxne are therefore,"
Mr. Reid remarks, "not only later than the latest Boulder Clay of
East Anglia, but are separated from it by two climatic waves, with