THE ESSEX NATURALIST: BEING THE Journal of the Essex Field Club, EDITED BY WILLIAM COLE, F.L.S., F.E.S., Honorary Secretary. VOLUME X. JANUARY, 1897—DECEMBER, 1898. "Men that undertake only one district arc much more likely to advance natural knowledge than those that grasp at more than they can possibly be acquainted with. Every kingdom, every province, should have its own Mono- grapher." — Gilbert White of Selborne. " Seldom was ever any knowledge given to keep, but to impart; the grace of this rich Jewel is lost in concealment."—Bishop Joseph Hall. [The authors alone are responsible for the statements and opinions contained in their respective papers.] PUBLISHED BY THE CLUB, BUCKHURST HILL, ESSEX. 1898.