96 A SUPPOSED NEOLITHIC SETTLEMENT.
the portion of the 6in. Ordnance Map printed with Mr. Holmes'
remarks on page 123, and more precisely in the Plan drawn up by
Mr. Reader, on the 25m. Ord. Scale, with the accompanying
explanations (page 97).
The Relative Position of the Alluvial Beds.
This will be best understood by a reference to the dia-
gramatic outline sketch of the order of the deposits which
I have drawn up (see diagram on p. 98) and to the
Relic - Table on page 103. I have divided the Brick-
earth, including the sandy ballast bed at the base, into five
layers. Commencing with the lowest, the beds are reckoned in
upward order. Below all these lies the London Clay, and on
Explanation of Plan. Fig. 1.
The shaded portion adjoining the river represents :- from A to C the
part excavated before Mr. Kenworthy's arrival in Braintree ; from C to D
the part excavated under Mr. Kenworthy's observation ; from D to E a
portion of the layer No. II. uncovered to the 9ft. level and about to be
excavated. From E to F an unexcavated portion of the beds. F to G a
small portion dug out to the lowest level.
The distribution of the principal relics is as follows :—
A—B. The flint knife (fig. 7). The workman say that more
relics were found in this end of the excavations formerly,
than at present.
B—C. Red deer skull with antlers sawn off (Plate II). Human
frontal; antler haft (fig. 9).
C—D. Three red deer antlers, possibly used as picks. Bone handle
(fig. 14). Antler handle (fig. 11).
F—G. Flint arrow-head (fig. 8).
F.W.R.
the slopes of the valley, at a little distance from the river, there
is a Pleistocene Brick-earth deposit, from which mammoth
bones and Palaeolithic "flint-flakes" have been taken by myself.
The mammoth tooth, with bones of ox and horse, are in my
collection previously deposited at the Field Club's Museum.
I.—The Ballast. This is the sand and gravel of the early
river-bed, previous to the silting up. The place of this first
bed is eroded out of London Clay.
II.—This constitutes the Neolithic [?] Bed where the
earliest relics in point of age are found. It is partly made
up of peaty clay, black mud, and sand, and the accumula-
tions of the debris of the Lake-dwellers. It contained the
objects which I shall describe below. The depth from the
turf is about 6 feet, and for about 3 feet it contains stone-
age relics.