THE ESSEX FIELD CLUB.
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(Ibid. X., 145). These papers, all useful in their way, may be
considered as dealing with the external morphology of earth-
works; Mr. Holmes take us a step further and deals with their
comparative morphology. But there still remains before us for
future work the systematic excavation of these relics of past
ages, and by this method alone can we ever hope to unravel the
mystery of their origin. The necessity for this work is as
pressing now as when I brought it before the Club in 1883
(Trans. IV., 116) as there is always the danger of their removal
by agricultural and building operations. That this is a real
danger from the anthropological point of view may be gathered
from the account given by Mr. Holmes in his presidential
address of 1887 (Essex Naturalist I., 79) in which he
describes the destruction of the "Pictsbury Ramparts" wit-
nessed by himself and Mr. Cole. A large mound at Worming-
ford was destroyed about 1836 (Jenkins, as quoted in Essex
Naturalist I., 82); Stukeley's so-called "Alate Temple of the
Druids" on Navestock Common, the site of which was identified
by the Rev. Coode Hore and myself in 1894 (Essex Naturalist
VIII, 213) has practically been obliterated; the "Red Hills"
have in nearly every case been ploughed down or otherwise
tampered with, and the Uphall Camp at Barking described by
Mr. Crouch is but a fragment of a large camp. I am glad to
learn that there is a prospect of this remnant being systematically
investigated in the course of this present year.
The field covered by anthropology is so wide that large
numbers of apparently disconnected subjects dealt with by our
Society can be fairly classified under this heading. Thus the
presidential address by Mr. T. V. Holmes entitled "Notes on
the evidence bearing upon British Ethnology" (Trans. IV.,
189) and Mr. F. Chancellor's presidential address in 1894, "A
Sketch of the Development of Architecture in Essex" (Essex
Naturalist VIII., 165), which deals with the subject from an
evolutional point of view, are both contributions to anthropology.
In the same volume (p. 71) is published Mr. George Day's
"Notes on Essex Dialect and Folklore, with some account of
the Divining-Rod," the only contribution to Essex Folk-lore
that we have hitherto received. Mr. Laver's presidential address
of 1888, "Fifty Years Ago in Essex" (Ibid. III., 27) contains
records of old customs and beliefs that may be regarded as
anthropological contributions. In fact all notices of ancient