360 THE ESSEX FIELD CLUB.
Also, that Mr. J. T. Winkworth had, presented about 50 specimens of the
shells of Helix nemoralis from near Harlow, Essex, serving to show the range of
variation in this species in a single locality (see Mr. Winkworth's remarks, ante,
pp. 256-7).
Also that Mr. D. Wright had given a small number of insects —Coleoptera,
Hymenoptera, and Diptera—some being rare species..
The thanks of the Club were voted for these donations.
Ostrea angulata introduced into Essex.—Mr. W. Cole exhibited speci-
mens of this small oyster from Portugal, which Dr. Plowright had detected
attached to periwinkles sold in the streets in King's Lynn, and which were stated
to have come from Southend or Brightlingsea.1
Crepidula in Essex.—Also specimens of Crepidula fornicata, from Colne
Point, St. Osyth, proving that this North American shell was extending its range
in Essex (see E.N. x, 353). 
Petricola pholadiformis and Acera bullata in Essex.—Mr. W. Cole
exhibited specimens of these two molluscs from Walton-Naze, which had been
kindly presented by Mr. J. E. Cooper.
Aberration of the Peacock Butterfly.—Also a specimen of Vanessa io,
ab. cyanostica, from the coast at St. Osyth (see "Notes," p. 365).
Also aberrations of common butterflies taken this season, recorded in the
"Notes," p. 366.
Warrants for Killing Deer in Epping Forest.—Mr. Avery exhibited
and presented to the Club, for the Epping Forest Museum, two Warrants for
killing deer in Epping Forest, dated 1810. These documents are on view in the
Museum. 
Gilberd Meeting at Colchester.—Mr. Walter Crouch gave an interesting
description of the proceedings at the unveiling at Colchester on June 11th last,
of the oil painting representing Dr. Gilbert explaining his electrical experiments
before Queen Elizabeth (by Mr. A. Ackland Hunt), at which he had been present.
Chiselhurst Chalk Caves.—Mr. T. V. Holmes exhibited a plan, drawn by
Mr. T. E. Foster, of the chalk workings at Chiselhurst, and in doing so made
some remarks on the nature of the caves, which in his opinion were simply excava-
tions for getting chalk, and bore no resemblance to the Deneholes of Essex and
Kent. A summary of Mr. Holmes' remarks will appear in the Essex
Naturalist.
Photographs of Fungi.—Mr. C. M. Barnard showed by means of the
lantern, a short set of excellent photographs of some of the fungi found at the
Foray on October 15th last. These photographs had been taken by Mr. F. A.
Reichert, and proved the value of photography in recording the "finds" of rare
or interesting plants.
Thanks were voted for these exhibits and presentations.
Lecture.—Mr. D. J. Scourfield, F.R.M.S., then gave a lecture-paper on
"Fresh-water Biological research and Biological stations." The paper was
illustrated by examples of the apparatus employed and lantern pictures of the
principal stations. In his introductory, remarks, Mr. Scourfield said that such
establishments were the necessary consequence of the marine stations that had
been founded, and of the exploring work done by such expeditions as that of the
Challenger. These had opened up unknown worlds, and accumulated a vast
number of facts, which had to be dealt with by specialists. Something more was,
1 See Mr. Fetch's note on p. 364.