169 THE EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES OF LOCAL SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES. By H. A. MIERS, Esq., F.R.S., F.G.S., Professor of Mineralogy, University of Oxford. [Prof. Miers delivered the following address as Chairman of the Conference of Delegates of Corresponding Societies at Dublin on September 3rd, 1908. His observations are so valuable and so pertinent to the past and future work of our Club, that the Editor deems no apology necessary for printing them in full.] The subject which I have chosen for my brief Address is one to which I think attention may be profitably drawn at the present moment. The opportunities for scientific education have become so changed during the last few years, and yet at the same time the gulf between the amateur and the trained scientist has been in a sense so widened, that the educational position occupied by the Local Societies deserves to be reconsidered. It will, I think, be generally granted that the London and other central societies are becoming more and more the haunt of the professional scientific man, and I wish to raise the question whether under these circumstances it may not be hoped that the Local Societies will accept an increased responsibility for the amateur, for whom it is true they already do so much ? To me, at any rate, it appears that this responsibility is also an opportunity. Let us look back for a moment at their earlier history. The affiliated and associated societies number some which came into existence nearly a hundred years ago, and many of them date back to a time when there was no organisation which attempted to diffuse a taste for science throughout the country at large. These societies were doing pioneer work, not only by arousing interest in research, but by creating a general scientific atmosphere, and promoting ideas which were at that time confined to a very small class. In fact, before the birth of the British Association they were almost the only agencies occupied in this sort of pioneer work. The British Association itself was initiated by one cf them, and may be regarded as a magnified society of the same character, changing its habitat from year to year ; the importance of the early work which is effected in popularising and promoting scientific ideas cannot be over-estimated. For a long time the work of the societies was not supplemented in any very adequate manner by the publishers or the Press ; public interest in the general laws that underlie the processes of Nature was only dawning ; the prevailing attitude of mind was one of indulgent curiosity ; the older generation regarded science as a curious and entertaining M