PALAEOLITHIC AND NEOLITHIC IMPLEMENTS. 49
noteworthy features come out in examining the scrapers. Side-
scrapers of small size and peculiar type are very characteristic
of the earlier series, while they are almost entirely absent from
the later series. The most characteristic scrapers of the later
series are of the large horse-shoe form, and these not infre-
quently present the peculiarity of being re-touched on the inner
face.
The earlier series of implements appear to be made, for the
most part, of weathered flint, such as might be found locally.
The later series, on the other hand, are usually made of
unweathered flint of high quality, not infrequently translucent
though occasionally almost opaque. This flint could hardly
be found locally, either upon the surface or upon the shore of
the sea.
Coming to relics of a later period, it may be worth while to
mention that not far from the Red Hill near Walton described
by Dr. Laver I found some remains of piles and fascine work,
which from the pottery associated with it appeared to be of the
Romano-British age.
In conclusion, I think there can be little doubt that we have
here two distinct series of post-palaeolithic implements found in
the same district, and that all the available evidence points to
the conclusion that they are of different age.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.
Pl. II. Fig. I. A photograph of a section in the most interesting part of the
Recent Beds of the East Essex Coast. The walking-stick hammer is 35 inches in
height, and is placed there to show the scale. The upper part of the section is.
composed of the somewhat peaty-looking base of the Sarobicularia-clay. Beneath
this the head of the hammer is placed exactly on the line of the Buried Prehistoric:
Surface described in the text. The lighter coloured bed below this is the brown
clay containing the earlier series of Neolithic implements, while the lower part of
the section is composed of brickearth, which probably belongs to the later part of
the Pleistocene Period. The undisturbed London Clay is below the level of the
bottom of this section. Examples belonging to both series of implements have
been found in situ in their respective beds within a few yards of this spot.
Fig. 2. Typical horse-shoe scraper of the later series of implements. It is
made from a ridged flake of veined flint; the scale is sufficiently indicated by
the tape measure placed beside it. This and the two following examples were
also photographed where they were found.
Pl. III. Fig. I. Curved Flint Knife, belonging to the later series of implements.
It is six inches in length, a little over one and a quarter inches in width,
and with the exception of a very small piece at the butt end, it does not exceed
three eighths of an inch in thickness, and a considerable part of the blade is
much less. It is made of the characteristic dark-coloured, translucent flint, and
D