50 PALAEOLITHIC AND NEOLITHIC IMPLEMENTS.
was fabricated from a large flake carefully re-touched over both surfaces, but a
portion of the original inner face of the flake is still seen on the flatter face of the
implement, while some portion of the outer crust of the flint remains on the
other surface. In the handle part of the implement the keen edges are smoothed
by grinding, in order to keep them from cutting. This is usually the case with
this type of implement. Fig. ?. Arrow-point or small knife, also belonging to
the later series. It is made of similar dark coloured flint, delicately worked
over both surfaces. It measures one and five-eighths of an inch long by three-
quarters of an inch wide, while its greatest thickness scarcely exceeds one-
sixteenth of an inch, and is found at the extreme point. Although it shows
such a high standard of skill in its fabrication, it will be observed that it is quite
unsymmetrical on the two sides, there being a straight cutting edge on one side
of the point, while the other side is worked to a graceful curve from point to
base. If this peculiar form was intentional, as appears to be the case, it can
hardly have been intended to serve the purpose of an arrow-point. It may
possibly have been a knife used in primitive surgical operations. It is well
known that a large number of the so-called arrow-points made by modern
savages are used solely as knives. This specimen, which is perfect, is 351/2 grains
in weight.
Pl. IV. Fig. 1. Very delicate, and thin triangular arrow-point, notched in
the middle of the base, and with the left-hand corner broken of. This belongs
to the earlier series, and is of unusually fine workmanship. Fig. 2. Small
barbed and stemmed arrow-point, the stem unfortunately broken; of delicate
workmanship, but not very thin. It is a little uncertain to which of the two
series this should be referred. Fig. 3. Another view of the same specimen
shown in Plate III. (Fig. 2). Fig. 4. Scalene instrument, made from a small
flake, with high-angle secondary chipping, carried obliquely across one end.
Later series. Fig. 5. Leaf-shaped arrow-point of elongated form. Later series.
Fig. 6. Another well-known form of scalene instrument, probably to be regarded
as a knife rather than as an arrow-point. Later series. Fig. 7. Curved flint
knife, the same as shown in Plate III. (Fig. 1). See previous description.
Pl. V. Characteristic scrapers belonging to the later series. Fig. 1. Small
scraper, in black flint, worked nearly all round, and measuring about one inch
either way. Fig. 2. Outer and inner face of scraper, in veined black flint, of
"long horse-shoe" form. The inner face shows secondary chipping at a very
low angle all down one side. Fig. 3. Horse-shoe scraper, showing a portion of
the outer crust. The flint of which this is made seems to have been obtained
upon a sea beach beneath a chalk cliff. Fig. 4. Horse-shoe scraper showing
the re-touching of the inner face. Fig. 5. Three views of the same scraper
that is shown in Plate II. (Fig, 2).
Pl. VI. Figs. 1,2,3. Three examples of a small rude ovate type of imple-
ments which is very characteristic of the earlier series. Fig. 4. Axe-head in
polished flint, showing a considerable amount of wear. This is a well-finished
instrument. It was, however, made from a tabular piece of flint which was not
well selected for the purpose, as a soft white layer runs right through the middle
of the blade, and forms the whole of the cutting edge. Fig. 5, Adze-blade (or
hoe ?) of chipped flint, triangular in section. This shows longitudinal scorings
on both sides of the cutting-edge, evidently produced by the use to which it was
put. Such scorings are not infrequently seen on this type of blade. It is not