134 THE FOSSIL HORSE OF BISHOP'S STORTFORD.
(No. 1.) The Steppe Variety, Equus prejvalskii, now living wild in the
Gobi Desert.
a.—Head comparatively long, face bent on cranium (giving Roman-nosed
profile).
b.—Warts or "chestnuts" on all four legs.
c.—Limbs slender.
d.—Fetlocks small, and hoofs narrow.
e.—Mane short.
f.—Tail like mule.
g.—23 dorso-lumbar vertebrae.
(No. 2.) Celtic Pony or Plateau Type, Equus caballus celticus,
N.W. Europe.
a.—Head small, eyes large, ears short, nostrils narrow.
b.—Warts or "chestnuts" on front legs only.
c,—Limbs slender.
d.—Fetlocks small.
e.—Mane long and large forelock.
f.—Tail long with remarkable tail-lock.
g.—23 dorso-lumbar vertebrae.
In speed, staying power, and intelligence takes after the Arab horse.
There are two varieties of the Plateau type :—
(1) Celtic, which is sub-arctic.
(2) Libyan, which is sub-tropical.
(No. 3.) Forest Horse or Norse Horse, Equus caballus typicus.
N. Europe and Asia.
a.—Head massive, but well proportioned, forehead broad, profile concave
between eyes and nostrils, ears wide, neck short.
b.—Warts or "chestnuts" large on all four legs.
c.—Limbs short and thick.
d.—Fetlocks and joints large, hoofs broad.
e.—Mane heavy and large forelock.
f.—Tail heavy (no tail-lock).
g.—24 dorso-lumbar vertebrae.
Prof. Ewart examined a large number of horses' skulls and
bones which were found during excavations at a Roman station
at Newstead, near Melrose, and was able to trace among these
remains evidence of several mixed breeds. Certain individuals
showed very distinctly, however, the peculiarities of one or other
of the above-named three types.
As an example of the way in which he recognizes these types,
Prof. Ewart says:—All horses that have a long face, decidedly
bent down on the cranium, so as to produce a "Roman nose,"
may be safely asserted to have blood of the Prejvalsky type in
their veins. On the other hand, horses with short broad faces,
concave between the eyes and the nostrils ("dished faces"),
almost certainly have blood of the Forest type.