18 VERTEBRATE ANIMALS FOUND AT RAYLEIGH CASTLE.
mandible is referred to the Fox. Alveolar length of molars
and premolars, 55 mm.; length of carnassial, 15.
8. Sus scrofa (Pig).—The mediaeval pig of Rayleigh, re-
presented by a large number of jaws, teeth, and limb bones,
appears to have been a rather small form, and, judging from the
large number of cases in which the last molars are well worn, it
seems probable that the military inhabitants of the castle let
their stock run in a half-wild condition, hunting them for food
as occasion required.
Six upper jaws from Rayleigh were examined. In all, m.3
was in wear, and in two cases the wear was advanced. Of a
total of 46 lower jaws examined, five were young, with the
posterior milk molar still in place; 17 were fully adult, with the
last molar in wear; and, of the latter, ten had the last molar
well worn. The two lower jaws of which the measurements are
recorded below are respectively of an old Boar and an old Sow;
in the latter, the anterior premolar (p. 4) had been shed and
its alveolus obliterated. The following are dimensions of upper
and lower jaws, with some corresponding measurements from
Rutimeyer,8 etc., for comparison:—
9. Cervus elaphus (Red-Deer).—Among the bones is the
hinder part of a skull of a Red-deer, from which the antlers have
been hacked off, apparently with a very bad saw. The base of
the left antler (sawn partly through, a little below the burr,
and then broken off) has been found ; the right antler is missing.
8 "Die Fauna der Pfahlbauten": Nene Deukschr.d. Allgemain. Schweiz Ges.f.d. Gesammt
Wissensch., p. 185 (1861).