VERTEBRATE ANIMALS FOUND AT RAYLEIGH CASTLE. 19
The antler has the bez as well as the brow tyne, so that this is
at least the fifth antler that the stag had borne. The dimensions
of the skull are:—Median occipital height 77; condylar breadth
72.3; post orbital breadth 116.2; condyle to front edge of basi-
sphenoid 100.6.
A part of a left maxilla with four teeth (viz., pm. 2,1, mi, 2),
half worn, and a left mandibular ramus with all the molars in a
corresponding state of wear, probably belonged to the same
individual. Alveolar length of the four maxillary teeth, 72.5;
of mandibular molars and premolars, 113; of mandibular
molars m.1.3, 72.
Some other fragments, including part of a scapula and tibia,
give additional evidence of the presence of this species.
10. Cervus dama (Fallow Deer).—Part of a right antler,
naturally shed and wanting all above the middle tyne, and the
base of another, still attached to the pedicle, are referred to the
Fallow Deer, agreeing as they do in form and texture with the
antlers of this species. The shed antler is either the fourthor
fifth. In both specimens, the brow tyne has been hacked off,
after two or three abortive attempts to saw it through had been
made.
The species is also represented by limb-bones, and the dimen-
sions of the more important are included in the table given under
the next heading. Near allies of the Fallow Deer are known
from the earlier Pleistocene deposits of Britain, but the group
became extinct here in the later part of that period. The date
of the re-introduction of the species is uncertain, although it
certainly was here in Roman, if not in Neolithic, times.
11. Capreolus capreolus (Roe-Buck).—This species is
represented by limb-bones only. The limb-bones are distin-
guished from those of the Fallow Deer, as will be seen from the
following table of maximum and minimum dimensions, by their
smaller size and more slender proportions.
9 A young shaft without distal epiphysis. The radii of both Fallow-Deer and
Roebuck have been cut away behind distally.