20 VERTEBRATE ANIMALS .FOUND AT RAYLEIGH CASTLE.
12. Ovis vel Capra (Sheep or Goat).—A number of limb-
bones are referable to either sheep or goat. In the absence of
adult jaws, skulls, or horn-cores, I am unable to determine these
remains more precisely.
13. Bos taurus (Domestic Ox).—The remains of small
cattle are numerous in the collection, but with the exception of
a fragment of maxilla and part of a lower jaw, no trace of the
skull has been found. So far as one can judge from the limb-
bones, these cattle very nearly approach Bos longifrons, a
species or race abundant in Neolithic and later deposits. Besides
these small bones, a few specimens indicating the presence of a
larger breed have been found. The following tables give the
dimensions of the more important bones, together with those
of specimens in my possession from other and older deposits,
for the sake of comparison.
The following are the dimensions of two complete tibiae
from Rayleigh:—Extreme length, 302 (289) ; length inner
side, 270 (262) ; width proximal articulation, 69.4 (68) ; least
width of shaft, 33 (31.2) ; width of distal end, 55.3 (51.6).
10 Thirteen specimens from Rayleigh examined in all—10 of them belonging to the
smaller form.