HISTORY OF. COLCHESTER CORPORATION; WATER WORKS, 21
The length of the three true molars in a fragmentary
right mandibular ramus is 86.5, that of m.3 being 35.
From the fact that the radii and tibiae found in the midden
are almost always unbroken, one may perhaps conclude that the
Rayleigh kine were of a lean description.
14. Equus caballus (Horse).—Very few equine remains
were found. A detached lower molar, part of a left scapula,
and the distal end of a left humerus represent a Horse of medium
size. The scapula measures 98 mm. from the posterior margin
of the glenoid fossa to the front of the coronoid process; the
width of the distal articulation of the humerus is 77.3.
A metacarpal, having an extreme length of 205 mm., repre-
sents a smaller form, it agreeing in size with the metacarpal of a
pony or ass.
Among the specimens found in the midden are two fragments
of a long bone of a large mammal (perhaps Bos primigenius or
Mammoth), which have evidently come originally from some
Pleistocene deposit.
Many Bird bones were found, principally belonging to Duck,
Fowl, and Goose; and a number of vertebrae and other remains
of a large fish.
PAST AND PRESENT HISTORY OF COLCHES-
TER CORPORATION WATER WORKS WITH
RELATION TO UNDERGROUND WATER.
By J. MACKWORTH WOOD, M.Inst.C.E., M.Inst.M.E.
[WITH PLAN, PLATE II.]
[Read April 29th, 1911.]
THE town of Colchester is situated chiefly on a plateau which
forms a spur or promontory on the south-west side of
the Colne Valley, which consists of a bed of glacial gravel of
considerable area and thickness, and extends to the east, west
and south of the present town, and is bounded on the south and
west by the Roman River, which gravel in turn rests on the
London-clay formation. When the valleys were formed, the
plateau of gravel was cut through down to the floor of the
London-clay, and springs probably appeared on the flanks of the