248
AUTUMN BOTANY AT CLACTON.
and we may suppose represents a native of Essex at that time.
It is a good specimen of what Huxley named the River-bed type
—so far as we know the majority of English people of Early
Neolithic times were of this type. The staining of the cranium,
and the fact that its recesses contained fine black sand, points
to its being derived from the layer beneath the peat which con-
tained the animal bones—amongst which were the Irish Elk, an
animal which did not occur in England after Neolithic times. I
enclose a profile drawing of the cranium half natural size—with
attempted reconstruction. It will be at once seen that the out-
line is not of an unusual type.
The skull is that of a woman, probably of short stature, and
of about 25-30 years of age. The teeth have fallen out after
death, but the regular sockets, the well-spread palate, show that
the masticatory system was better developed than in modern
women. The brain was small—only 1,270 cubic centimetres,
100 c.c. below the mean. The length of the skull is 79 mm.,
its width 138 mm., its cephalic index 177.2%; the height of
the roof above the ear holes 113 mm., a rather low amount.
The face from the front was rather wide (123 mm.), for its length
(63 mm.), but in profile the width is less apparent.
It may be mentioned that the specimen evidently belongs
to the same race as the woman found at Walton-on-Naze by Mr.
Hazzledine Warren. (See Essex Naturalist, vol. xvi., pp.
198—208).
AUTUMN BOTANY AT CLACTON.
By C. E. BRITTON.
[Read 29th November 1913].
THE following notes relate to plants observed at Clacton-
on-Sea and vicinity, during a stay there in late
September and early October of 1912. Most attention was
given to the botany of the coast; inland, at that late season of
the year, the plant-life did not seem very noteworthy, though
I was greatly interested in noticing that the usual hedge-row
tree in the neighbourhood of Clacton was the small-leaved
Elm, for which Dr. Moss has revived the name of Ulmus sativa,
Miller. Among the more interesting plants seen were various
Glass-worts (Salicornia), Suaeda fruticosa, Scirpus tabernaemon-