44 THE DATING OF EARLY HUMAN REMAINS.
any difference in the soil filling the graves and that of the sur-
rounding undisturbed geological deposit.1
I will now take some of the more important of the human
remains, which have been alleged to belong to the earlier stages
of human history, and consider briefly the evidences of their
dating.
PITHECANTHROPUS ERECTUS.
This is the celebrated Trinil skull, the ape-man of Java,
found by Professor Dubois in 18912. It is, I think, beyond
question that this furnishes us with one of the "missing links,"
once so much sought for, between the simian type and the
human form. The exact correlation of the deposit in which
it was found is still a matter of some uncertainty. It may be
of about the same age as, or a little earlier than, the Cromer
Forest bed.
No flint industry has been found in association with it. It
is probably pre-Stone Age.
HOMO HEIDELBERGENSIS.
The well-known Heidelberg or Mauer jaw, found in 1907,
appears to be more distinctly human than the Pithecanthropus,
but it presents many primitive characters.3 It is not an inter-
ment, but a genuine fossil contemporary with the deposit.
The Mauer sands in which it was found are usually referred
to an early interglacial stage; they are probably a little later
than the Cromer Forest bed. The fauna includes Rhinoceros
etruscus and indicates an earlier date than that of our ordinary
Palaeolithic river-terraces.
M. Rutot classes this fossil man in his Mafflian stage of the
eolithic period, but no true flint industry has been found. Heidel-
berg man was certainly pre-Chellean and possibly pre-Stone age.
EOANTHROPUS DAWSONI.
The Piltdown skull is associated with two groups of animal
remains,4 one a derivative series earlier than the Forest bed,
1 H. Peake and A. E. Hooton, "On a Saxon Graveyard at East Shelford, Berks." Paper
read at Royal Anthropological Institute, 4 March 1913
2 W. L. H. Duckworth, Prehistoric Man (Cambridge Manuals), 1912, pp. 2 and 63. W. J.
Sollas, Ancient Hunters, 2nd ed., 1915, p. 31. A. Keith, Ancient Types of Man (Harpers
Library), 1911, p. 131. Most of the discoveries referred to are discussed in each of these
books, with references to the literature of the subject. I shall not burden this brief re-
view of the subject with complete references to all the original memoirs, many of which are
somewhat inaccessible.
3 A. Keith, Ancient Types of Man (Harper's Library), 1911, p. 78.
4 C. Dawson and A. Smith Woodward, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. lxix., 1913, p. 117;
vol. lxx., 1914, p. 82.