THE DATING OF EARLY HUMAN REMAINS. 47
earlier of the certain remains of palaeolithic man. It is not
possible for me to continue to give all the minor discoveries of
lower jaws, teeth or limb bones, but only to take special instances
which illustrate the principles of dating.
Spy. The extremely important discoveries in the Cave of
Spy, near Namur, were made in 1886.10 They present us with
two skeletons, both of the Neanderthal race. Both were clearly
interments, but they were associated with implements of the
Mousterian epoch, and covered over with further undisturbed
accumulations belonging to the same period.
Krapina. In a rock-shelter at Krapina, in Croatia, various
human remains of the same race-type were found between
1899 and 1905.11 They occurred in contemporary association
with Mousterian implements. The human bones were scattered
around the hearths, and showed evidences of having been charred
by fire. These observations have led to the theory that they
represent the feasting of cannibals, but no confirmation has
been noted from other sites, although there does not seem
anything essentially improbable in the suggestion.
La Chapelle aux Saints. This is a well-authenticated instance
of a palaeolithic interment, which was scientifically excavated
in a cave in the south of France in 1907. The remains belong
to the Neanderthal race, and with the deceased hunter were
placed many of his implements, which belong to the Mousterian
epoch, together with lumps of red ochre. The body was placed
in the contracted position, with the legs flexed, but lying on its
back.12
La Moustier. Two years later, that is in 1909, another
Mousterian skeleton was found in the lower cave on the classic
site of Le Moustier. This was not exactly a grave, as in the case
of La Chapelle, but the body was placed upon the floor of the
cave in the contracted position, upon a layer composed of worked
flint implements, and then covered over with soil. The remains
are again of the Neanderthal race, and belong to the Mousterian
epoch.13
La Ferrassie. In this cave another Mousterian interment
was also found in the same year, namely 1909, and under similar
10 W. G. Smith, Man the Primeval Savage, 1894, p. 19.
11 W. L. H. Duckworth, Prehistoric Man, 1912, pp. 24 and 68.
12 M. Boule, L'Anthropologic, 1908, T. 19, p. 519; also a fuller account, Annales de
Paleontoloqie, 1911-13.
13 W. L H. Duckworth, Prehistoric Man, pp. 39 and 73.