52 THE DATING OF EARLY HUMAN REMAINS.
ancestors of modern man. It is significant that this change in
race-type corresponds to an equally notable change in culture,
with the development of an extraordinary artistic period. They
attained a splendid physical development, were usually over
six feet in height as contrasted with the cramped and stunted
form of the Neanderthal race, and bad a brain capacity exceeding
the average of modern Europeans.
3. That although modern man can thus be traced back
into the later palaeolithic stages, there is no suggestion at present
that he can be traced back as far as the Mousterian epoch.
THE CHEDDAR SKELETON.
This skeleton found in Gough's cavern occurred beneath the
stalagmite forming the floor of the cave,24 in a deposit yielding
a characteristic late Palaeolithic or "Cave Age" flint industry.
There can be little doubt that it is an interment, but as we have
had abundant evidence for inferring, this does not show that
it is not palaeolithic. So far as I can gather, not being an
anatomist myself, the skull is indistinguishable from the ordinary
Neolithic race-type of this country, and no special similarities
to the Grimaldi, Combe Capelle, or Cro-Magnon race-types
have been noted. I am afraid one cannot say more at present
than that it is an interment of unknown date made in a palaeolithic
deposit. One must hope that further research may bring more
conclusive evidence to light.
THE "RED LADY" OF PAVILAND.
This skeleton (which has proved to be that of a man) was
found by Dean Buckland in 1823 when exploring cave deposits
containing extinct mammalia.25 It was a red ochre burial
associated with objects carved in mammoth ivory. The recent
researches of Professor Sollas have shown that the deposit is
Aurignacian, and that the human belongs to the Cro-Magnon
type.26
The Paviland skeleton is a test case on the general principles
of dating. We have to consider the cumulative evidences that
it presents to us, as compared with the evidences from the
French caves which we have already reviewed, as follows: (1)
The Aurignacian date of the deposit, (2) the Aurignacian type
24 H. K. Davies, Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc, 1904, vol. lx., p. 335.
25 W. Buckland, Reliquiae Diluvianae. 1823, p. 82.
26 W. J. Sollas, Journ. R. Anthrop. Inst., vol. xliii, 1913, p. 337, 364, etc.