130 THE ESSEX FIELD CLUB. The existing Officers, other than the President, were nominated by the Council for re-election, viz.:—Hon. Treasurer, Mr. David Howard, D.L., J.P., F.I.C, F.C.S.; Hon. Secretaries. Messrs. W. Cole, B. G. Cole, and Percy Thompson; Hon. Librarian, Mr. Thomas W. Reader, F.G.S. President.—The Council nominated as President, on the retirement of Mr. Warren, Miss Gulielma Lister, F.L.S., and Miss Lister was duly elected by the members. By Rule V., Mr. Warren becomes one of the Permanent Vice-Presidents. No other nominations having been made, the above-named ladies and gentlemen stood elected as Members of Council and Officers for 1916-17, and were so declared by the President. Auditors.—Mr. A. Wrigley and Mr. Charles Nicholson, F.E.S., were elected as Auditors for the ensuing year. Ordinary Meeting.—The above business being settled, the meeting was resolved into the 459th Ordinary Meeting. Wooden Water-pipe Exhibited.—Mr. W. Cole exhibited a photograph of a supposed wooden water-pipe taken from an old well at Mr. Course's premises, West Ham Lane, which had been kindly lent by Mr. J. G. Morley, the Borough Engineer. Mr. Morley had also presented a piece of the pipe to the Museum. It was at first thought that this pipe was part of a system of water-mains for the conveyance of water, similar to the many wooden pipes which had been found in many parts of London, accounts of which had been published in the Essex Naturalist by Mr. T. V. Holmes, Mr. F.W. Reader, and others. But consideration led to the belief that the West Ham pipe was simply a pipe to facilitate the pumping up of the water, and was not a portion of a system of mains for the distribution of water in the district. President's Address.—The retiring President then delivered his Address, entitled "Pre-history in Essex, as recorded in the Publications of the Essex Field Club." A cordial vote of thanks was accorded to Mr. Warren, on the proposal of Mr. E. T. Newton, F.R.S., both for his address and for his conduct as the President during his two years of office. Mr. Warren returned thanks, and said that he had enjoyed his term as President, in spite of the difficulties and disabilities occasioned by the dis- turbed state of National Affairs. Mr. Warren's Address will be printed in an early part of the Essex Naturalist. Mr. Warren then inducted Miss Lister into the chair as the new President. Miss Lister said she was very sensible of the honour of being Presi- dent of the Club, and she would be very glad if she could be of service to the Society.