144 CHRISTY : THE MID-ESSEX WIND-RUSH AND WHIRL-WIND. hundred yards to the right, lost a large branch. A little further on, other trees, though apparently in the direct track of the storm, were uninjured. From this point, for a little over a mile, the storm again traversed open fields, on which it has left little permanent trace of its passage. An eye-witness has told me, however, that, at one point, he saw it encounter a dung-clamp, which it lifted, carrying it high into the air and there scattering it into fragments. From another field, a little further on, a crop of mangold had just been cleared, the leaves (known locally as "blades") being left strewn over the ground, as usual. These also were lifted by the thousand, whirled about the air, and carried upwards "out of sight," as I was assured by an observer who watched the passage of the storm at this point from about half-a-mile distant. Continuing through or over Newlands Wood (in which little damage was done), the storm damaged several trees and finally struck some tall cottages near the Clay-pits (152ft.), in the parish of Broomfield. The cottages were largely unroofed, while a large elm was broken off short and thrown across the road. Here the storm seems to have stopped, for I can hear nothing of any damage done by it further on. I have been asked in what direction the branches broken off trees were carried. It is difficult to answer this with pre- cision ; 'for the weather was so exceedingly bad for some time after the storm that it was nearly a fortnight before I could go over its route, which lay mainly across ploughed fields ; and, in the interval, there had occurred the terrific southerly gale of 5th November, which had overthrown many more trees and broken off thousands more branches; so that it was often difficult to distinguish the wreckage of the one storm from that of the other. However, I feel able to state definitely that, in nearly all cases, trees were laid down and branches carried in the direction in which the storm went; but that, in some cases (as noticed above), branches were thrown out to the left, and in other cases to the right, of the track of the storm. It was probably no more than a coincidence that the course followed by this storm was almost identical with the centre of that followed by the memorable hail-storm of 24th June 1897.6 6 See Essex Naturalist, x., pp., 112-129 (1898).