NEOLITHIC SITES IN UPPER VALLEY OF ESSEX CAM. 67
XII. Chrishall. Chiswick Hall, B.
Longitude 0° 7' 0" E., latitude 52° 1' 3" N. Elevation 390
feet O.D., about 190 feet above the level of the spring-heads at
Wenden.
Situated on a field on the slope of the valley between Upper
Pond Street and Chiswick Hall, about 3/4 mile due south of Chrishall
Church, and on the junction of the Chalk and Boulder Clay.
The soil is a clayey loam.
The implements are of the usual type, cores, scrapers, flakes,
etc., and usually have the blue mottled patination.
The material from this site exhibits the relation of the blue
mottled patina with the soil at the junction of the Clay and Chalk
in a remarkable degree.
CONCLUSIONS.
From these records it may be allowable to make certain
tentative suggestions and deductions, as follow:—
1. That a primitive race manufacturing a rather crude
type of implement of the so-called Neolithic type inhabited the
Cam Valley.
2. That the area of population was the zone of the Chalk
outcrop on the valley slopes, and although isolated settlements
occur within the Boulder Clay of the plateau top they are excep-
tional.
3. The inhabited sites were determined by the available
water supply, and are therefore scattered along the gravel terraces
by the river, by the spring heads, or on the edge of the Boulder
Clay where pond water is abundant.
4. These sites correspond generally with the present distri-
bution of human habitation in the area. In certain cases the
modern village may actually have originated as a Neolithic
settlement, e.g. Newport and Wenden.
5. The distribution of the sites indicates that the hydro-
graphy of the Cam Valley was practically the same in Neolithic
times as it is to-day.
6. The close relation of the implementiferous sites with
the earthworks in Grimsditch Wood and with the lynchetts
at Ickleton suggests a Neolithic origin for these structures.
7. The crudeness of the implements, the practical absence
of arrow and spear points, and the rarity of the celts indicates