212 THE ESSEX NATURALIST.
1756." There are also two prayer-books, given by the uncle-
to the niece in 1757 and 1762 respectively.
At "Harts" in 1748 Richard Warner received a somewhat
distinguished visitor, Peter Kalm, a pupil of Linnaeus, Professor
of Economy in the University of Abo, in Swedish Finland. This
naturalist was born in Finland in 1715, and having imbibed a
taste for natural history, devoted himself at first to the study
of the flora of Sweden, to which he discovered many additions,
Originally intended for the ecclesiastical profession, he was
drawn to the pursuit of natural history by the lectures of Linnaeus
at Upsala ; and, having paid particular attention to the uses
of plants, was selected by Linnaeus to undertake a journey of
exploration, in 1747, to North America. He set out in October
of that year, sailing from Gottenburg ; but, compelled by stress
of weather to put back to the Norwegian coast, did not reach
the Thames till February. He stayed in England till August,
making excursions in various parts of the country, and was
introduced to Warner by Dr. (afterwards Sir) William Watson,
F.R.S. After more than two years' collecting in America
Kalm returned to London in March 1751, leaving for Gottenburg
in May. His Travels (En Resa til Norra America) were
published in three volumes octavo, at Stockholm, between 1753
and 1761, in Swedish, much of the first and second volumes-
referring to England. A German translation of the first volume
(Reise nach dem Nordlichen Amerika) by Carl Ernst Klein
was published at Leipzig in 1754, and one of the whole work
(Des Herm Peter Kalms . . . Beschreibung der Reise
. . . nach dem Nordlichen Amerika) by Philip and John
Murray, at Gottingen, between 1754 and 1764. An English
version of the latter (Travels into North America . . .)
by John Reinhold Forster, appeared in three volumes at War-
rington in 1770-71 (second ed., London, 1772), from the long
preface to which Sir J. E. Smith obtained most of the informa-
tion for the article "Kalm" in Rees' Cyclopaedia ; but unfortun-
ately all the description of his stay in England has been omitted !
His description of a visit to Woodford never having appeared
in English, may be given here.
"February 28th. In the morning I went by land to a place
"named Woodford, ten English miles from London, in Essex.
"The road along which we travelled was level with only occa-