THE VANGE MINERAL WELLS.
221
to its charm, only those could realize it who had had the privilege
of being shown the gardens by Mrs. Berkeley, with their untold
treasures of rare plants, growing and thriving as nowhere else
and as naturally as in their native homes. There, walking
round with her, looking from the garden across the lakes to
Breden, and to the sun setting behind the Malvern Hills, was a
pleasure the impression of which could never be effaced.
A fit memento to one whose life was spent for others and
whose greatest pleasure was her garden, are the beautiful lines
of Jamman Shud now on the alcove overlooking the Fountain
garden scene :—
" The Moon of Heaven is rising once again :
How oft hereafter rising shall she look
Through this same garden after me—in vain."
ELLEN WILLMOTT.
THE VANGE MINERAL WELLS.
By WILLIAM WHITAKER, B.A., F.R.S., F.G.S.
THE "Vange Mineral Wells" are nearly a mile W.S.W. from
Vange Church, and about 13/4 mile N.N.W. of Fobbing
Church. The site formed part of the Vange Hall Estate, so
naturally they got named after Vange, though really in the parish
of Fobbing. They are close to the parish boundary, on the
eastern side of Martinhole Wood, which is in Vange.
The site of the various wells that have been made here is in
a tract of London Clay, a formation which reaches its greatest
thickness in Central Essex.
The Geological Survey Map 1, S.E., on which this part of
Essex is represented, was published in December, 1868, and
therefore must have been surveyed in 1866 or earlier ; so that we
are dealing with a map, part of which is probably almost 60
years old, and therefore open to corrections and additions. It
will be seen from this map, that on the dominant ridge of London
Clay, which stretches eastward from Laindon Hill towards
Pitsea, four very small outliers of Bagshot Sand have been
mapped, Langdon Hill itself being a larger and prominent one,