THE BIRDS OF THE STOUR VALLEY (ESSEX ONLY). 141
this remarkable abundance was continued to the time of my
next visit 21/22 September. I had some difficulty in believing
that all these birds formed part of the Swallow population of
the valley, and it occurred to me that the district might be a point
of congregation for migration. In support of this view it may
be added that on 13 July my estimate ex my note-book is "a
fair sprinkling."
Martin (Delichon u. urbica (L.)). A few were seen flying
round the towers at Mistley, 19/4/24. On the visit 12 and 13/7/24
a number was seen at Manningtree and also a few down the
river. A remarkable increase was noted during the visits of
August and September, and my remarks on the Swallow refer
equally to the Martin. On 22nd September I watched Martins
steadily passing up the river. I observed the birds carefully
and all seemed to be flying in the one direction. I could not
detect any flying seawards.
Sand-Martin (Riparia r. riparia (L.)). A small colony in
sand cliff along river at Wrabness, birds entering holes, 13/7/24.
On 24/8/24 there were many over the river at Bradfield and
the birds were still at the nesting holes. Some were still on
the river, 22/9/24.
Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis ispida (L.)). Mistley Place 21/12/24
and 21/3/25, Lawford 12/7/24, Wrabness, 18/1/24, Hamford
Water 20 and 21/9/24.
Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dryobates major anglicus (Hart.)).
Stour Wood, 21/12/24.
Little Owl (Athene noctua mira (With.)). Only twice identi-
fied along the course of the river, at Wrabness, 2/4/23 and
20/4/24. More often observed in the neighbourhood of Great
Oakley, where my records show it is well established.
Tawny Owl (Strix aluco sylvatica Shaw). Stour Wood, 19/4/24
and 14/2/25.
Hen Harrier (Circus cyaneus, (L.)). I had the good fortune
to identify a male of this species at the entrance to Hamford
Water on 20/12/24. When first seen it was taken by surprise
and I obtained a very close view of it. Unfortunately the bird
was between myself and ths light, which was not good, so that
when I got my glass focused on to it, the only colour I could
distinguish was a white rump, but this was seen unmistakably.
The Harrier then flew towards the sea-wall and disappeared