THE FOSSIL FISHES OF THE CHALK. flattened of existing skates (such as Myliobatis). It is now known, however, that the mouth was not a straight transverse slit, but bore the teeth on a stout and elongated front portion (symphysis) of the jaw (fig. 1). Ptychodus was therefore doubtless less depressed in shape, more like some of the existing skates of the family Rhinobatidae. The origin of the genus is obscure, for although the oldest teeth (from the Chalk Fig. 1. Mandible of Ptychodus decurrens, Agassiz. Marl) are the smallest and least strongly ridged, it is difficult to recognise their relationship to any teeth found in the marine Cretaceous rocks immediately beneath. It can only be said that still smaller crushing teeth, more transversely elongated, which must have been arranged in the jaw of a skate in the same way, occur in the estuarine Wealden formation (Hylaeobatis).2 They may perhaps have belonged 2 A. S. Woodward, Fossil Fishes of the English Wealden and Purbeck Formations, Mon. Palaeont. Society, 1916, p. 19.