EXCAVATIONS IN LOUGHTON CAMP, EPPING FOREST. 129
from a distance. Some, however, are made from weathered
flint which might easily have been obtained locally.
The digging of 1882 produced a "Thames pick" of triangular
section, with the characteristic tranchet edge. This specimen
is illustrated in our Journal ; it was found in the lower part of
the rampart in trench III., and its condition agrees with the
flints from the bleached sand. We have confirmed the occur-
rence of the "Thames pick" in the Loughton Camp industry
during the recent excavations.
1. (1/2), Tranchet-flake from the edge of a Thames pick,
found in two pieces in the rampart in trench XXII. a is the
outer face, b the inner face with part of the original chipped
edge of the pick below the black line, c is the edge view. In each
case the broken lines suggest the outline of the pick itself, the
tranchet flake being struck off laterally to sharpen the edge.
(See further explanation under 46.) Another smaller tranchet
flake was found in trench XVI. in the "Relic-bed" some 20
or 30 feet from the inner margin of the rampart. Other fragments
appear to be broken pieces of Thames picks.
2. (1/2). Double-edged implement, which although very
simple in workmanship would make an admirable tomahawk.
XX. "Relic-bed."
3. (1/2). Upper half of a chipped axe, much damaged by
burning, so that some of the boundaries of the facets are
lost. XIX., below the "Relic-bed" and on the top of the
inner bank.
4. (1/2). Fragment of a broader chipped axe. XXL, also
found under the "Relic-bed," but a little lower down the slope
than No. 3, where the cross-bank had practically thinned out.
Slightly damaged by fire.
5. (1/2). The half to the left was found in the upper part and
the other piece in the lower part of the "Relic-bed" of XX.
This was probably intended to be an arrow-head, but it snapped
in half during the preliminary stage of flaking.
During recent years attention has been called to specimens
more or less closely resembling the burins, or graving tools, of
the Cave Age. Many archaeologists in fact regard such specimens
as an indication of Cave Age date, and not as instances of
survival. On the other side, some regard these English surface
specimens as being merely accidental breakages of flakes, and