PALAEOLITHIC INDUSTRIES, CLACTON AND DOVERCOURT. 9
ated with the Levallois or Mousterian industries. I have a good
example of one of these forms, associated with trimmed flakes,
etc., from a channel deposit eroded into and overlying the
Chalky Boulder Clay exposed in the new Southend Road section
at Martins near Hornchurch. In this case the deposit was not
the High Terrace of the Thames, but a late channel deposit
with a contemporary industry of Mousterian date.
Palaeoliths from the Gravels of the Frinton District.
In a paper read in 1907 published in the Essex Naturalist3
I briefly referred to this subject, but, as will have been gathered
from the foregoing discussion, I now approach the theoretical
side of the subject from a different angle of view.
In the Frinton district there are numerous remains of gravels
coming between the levels of 70 and 85 feet above O.D. These
are mostly preserved in irregular patches, or pockets, looped
into the London Clay through the agency of "trailing." I think
there can be no doubt that these pockets of gravel are the
remnants of what was once a continuous sheet, or terrace, of
river gravel, of which a large part has been removed by erosion.
This Trailing effect, or disturbance of the superficial deposits,
probably occurred during the Tundra conditions of the Ponders
End stage, which may probably be correlated with the cold
Magdalenian epoch when the habitat of the reindeer extended
as far south as Mentone.
This introduces a grave difficulty into the problem of dating
by the flint industries, as, in addition to any implements there
may originally have been in the river gravel, any later remains
up to the Magdalenian epoch might readily have become intro-
duced into the gravels during the process of trailing. In 1907
I referred to the fact that some of the Frinton implements were
rather suggestive of the Mousterian (or preferably the High
Lodge industry, which is characterized by strong Mousterian
influence), but I am still unable to say anything more definite
in this connection.
Fig. 2, 1 ; 2, 2 ; these are two typical implements of the
"Oldest Class" from pockets of gravel on the cliff top between
Frinton and Walton. Both are abraded and slightly ochreous.
Fig. 2, 3 ; this is a thinner and lighter type of implement of
3 Vol. xvi., p. 46.