PALEOLITHIC INDUSTRIES, CLACTON AND DOVERCOURT. 17
the Pleistocene deposits that underlie the marshes of the Essex
Coast one frequently finds a layer of marine shells, Ostrea,
Cardium, etc., I believe that this marine horizon which lies
below O.D. on the low ground corresponds with the estuarine
deposits overlying the Clacton channel.
Fig. 4 shows a section of the deposits revealed on the foreshore
at Lion Point. It will be understood that the scale of 100 yards
refers to the horizontal distance only ; the total thickness of
the section does not exceed twelve feet. There is a concrete
sea wall, where the words "Marsh surface" appear ; this ter-
minates at the present time at "S." The "road" comes down
from Jay Wick Farm ; there were formerly rifle butts at this
spot, which is exactly 2 miles west from the main street leading
to the pier at Clacton. I make the position 1° 6' 56" E. long.,
while the sea wall runs very nearly 51° 46' 19.4" N. lat.
The following are the deposits seen :—(in descending order)
— Peaty sub-soil of the saltings : this is duplicated in
the valley of a small creek which directly overlies the
ancient Thames channel. I have not proved the date
of this second peat that underlies the silt of the creek.
T.S. Soft, buttery, tidal silt with Scrobicularia, indicating
an epoch of submergence, probably pre-Roman.
D. Living surface between "R" and "T.S." of a little
colony of Dutch invaders of about 1600 to 1500 B.C.
Submerged Peat beds at either end of the section (re-
presented by a heavy line in the drawing): that to the
east continues to extend for some distance beyond the
section.
— Prehistoric ("Lyonesse") living surface below the
Peat, mainly of the Beaker stage.
R Rainwash, in part of Neolithic date.
M Greenish variegated marl with Elephas antiquus
(which may be derivative). Above this is brown loam,
which is not separately shown on the section.
— Marine horizon with Ostrea, Cardium, etc., this is
merely a thin line irregularly eroded into the under-
lying beds.
— Freshwater shell-bed, with Unio littoralis, etc.,
described in Mr. Kennard's appended report.
G The river-bed gravel of the former Thames, with
B