PALAEOLITHIC INDUSTRIES, CLACTON AND DOVERCOURT. 23
scraper, which may well be the precursor of the Mousterian side
scraper.
Fig. 5, 8, is another of the peculiar Clactonian forms, which
recalls a familiar Egyptian type. The hollow between the
horns of the crescent is produced by the removal of one moderately
large flake, this hollow edge is never prepared by clipping after
the manner of a scraping edge. The same form, of a larger
size, occurs in the Swanscombe Clactonian. Whatever their
purpose, the Egyptian and the Clactonian certainly look as if
they must be identical.
Fig. 5, 9. A somewhat small example of a typical Clactonian
core, with three parallel facets, from which efficient keen-edged
flakes have been struck. The longitudinal section, 9s, indi-
cates the difference in the balance of the true core to that of the
side-choppers (1, 7) or the axe-edged implements (5, 2s).
In considering the correlation and affinities of the Clactonian
industry one should bear in mind in the first place that on the
Continent the general indications suggest that it is a little earlier
than the Twisted-ovate group. And yet we have the Upper
Dovercourt industry, which we believe to be a little later than
that group, found in a gravel in the top edge of the coastal
plateau, and the Clactonian industry between tide-marks.
Now the lower gravel of the 100-foot terrace at Swanscombe
(not the Dartford Heath gravel) also yields a form of the Clac-
tonian industry.9 The overlying middle gravel (which I corre-
late with the Furze Platt stage) yields the Grays Inn Lane
industry ; and overlying this again comes the Twisted-ovate
horizon.
Unfortunately neither the Grays Inn Lane nor the Twisted-
ovate horizons have yet been identified in Eastern Essex, and
that is a gap in our information of the first magnitude in Palaeo-
lithic correlation. So far as level is concerned, we must not
overlook the application of the lesson with which we started,
namely, that the Clacton sites are in the old river-bed into
which the implements were swept from the banks on which
the men lived, they are not on the flood-plain, still less are they
on the occasional high flood level : one must also allow for
the fall of the river between the two places.
Still, from the point of view of the fauna, I do not think
9 R. N. Chandler. Proc. Pre. Soc. E. Anglia, vol. vi., 1929, p. 79.