TURF AND WEEDS OF OLD LEYTONSTONE GARDEN. 247
Hygrophorus chlorophanus Fries. has moist lemon-yellow caps and
yellow gills.
The Liberty-cap Psilocybe semilanceata Fries., and P. foenisecii
Fries, both with purple-brown spores, are abundant in
the autumn.
Mycena avenacea Fries. var. olivaceo-marginata Mass. is a small
and beautiful species, coming up in troops all about the
lawn after rain in the autumn ; the conical caps are olive-
brown and the white gills have brown edges.
Tricholoma terreum Fries. also appears regularly in autumn but
the broad grey cushion-shaped caps are soon destroyed by
the mower.
Of plants which have appeared when ground long undis-
turbed has been upturned, and which appear to be of Forest
origin, the most striking is Bracken. When my father had the
foundations dug for an extension of the house in 1866 a felt of
old Bracken rhizomes was exposed ; a little grove of Bracken still
appears annually beside a greenhouse, but may have been intro-
duced later by spores.
A stunted Hornbeam, now many years old, has grown
through loose stonework close to our house ; it does not occur
elsewhere in the garden and may have grown from long-buried
seed.
After deepening a rock garden a number of plants of the
Common Rush (Juncus communis Meyer) appeared, also one
plant of Toad-rush (J. bufonius L.), one of the Early Hair Grass
(Aira praecox L.), and abundance of the tall Hawkweed Hieracium
boreale Fries. ; these may well have come from Forest seed, al-
though the Hawkweed with its feathered fruits may be a recent
introduction, as it grows in a railway cutting a quarter of a mile
away.
The weeds of the flower-borders and allotments are too many
to refer to individually. I have drawn up a list of them with
some remarks as to their frequency and permanence. When
they have been found in the allotments only they are marked
with the letter A ; the great majority are annuals.
Of the twenty-five families represented, the Grasses head the
list with 19 species ; next come Composites with 14 species ; then
Crucifers with 12 species ; Leguminosae with 10 species ; Poly-
gonaceae with 8 species ; no other family has more than 4 repre-
sentatives.