4 THE ESSEX NATURALIST.
distribution, and the extinct species found in the London Clay
belong either to types totally unknown elsewhere or represented
abroad by kindred but distinct genera. The Cambridge Green-
sand was stated to be the lowest Formation from which
bird remains had been found in England. Lydekker mentions
under birds of the superficial deposits four species, the remains
of which had been found in Essex. The left tibia of a species
of Haliaeetus from the superficial deposits of Walthamstow,
Essex, while differing in several respects from the corresponding
bone of the European White-tailed Eagle (H. albicilla) comes so
close to that of H. pelagicus of Siberia, as to indicate that it
belongs to that or a closely allied species. If this be accepted
it would appear that the distribution of this form extended
much farther to the south than it does today. Few bird-bones
are said to be more characteristic than those of the genus Phala-
crocorax. A coracoid of this type, from the Pleistocene brick-
earth deposits of Grays in Essex and preserved in the British
Museum, is described as being indistinguishable from the cor-
responding bone of the Common Cormorant (P. carbo) to which
it has been referred. Some bones in the British Museum and
found in the Pleistocene brick-earth of Grays are said to be
probably referable to Anser cinereus, the Grey Lag-Goose.
Remains indistinguishable from those of the Whooper Swan
(Cygnus musicus) were obtained from the brick-earth of Ilford
and Grays. The remains of Geese from the brick-earths of Ilford
and Grays, which have not been specifically determined, are
rather larger than the corresponding bones of the recent skeleton
of a Bean Goose, with which they were compared.
H. Woodward, writing in 1884 on the Ancient Fauna of
Essex, includes among the remains obtained from the peat and
shell-marl at the reservoirs of the East London Waterworks
Company, Walthamstow Marshes, Essex, in 1869, the tibia of the
Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus pelagicus) and a few undetermined bones.
J. P. Johnson in his Additions to the Palaeolithic Fauna of the
Uphall Brickyard gives a complete list of the Vertebrata from
this locality. Under Aves he includes Anas sp., Anser sp., and
Cygnus musicus Bech. but he rejects the Albatross (Diomedea
exulans Linn.), which has been included by M. A. C. Hinton
on the strength of an ulna in the Museum of Practical Geology,
as he does not agree that it came from these beds. M. A. C.