ESSEX PRE-ORNITHOLOGY. 31
37. Scaup-Duck. Nyroca marila marila (L.). 18th century.
Ref. 22, 28, 41.
38. Goldeneye. Bucephala clangula clangula (L.). 18th
century. Ref. 22, 28, 41.
39. Long-tailed Duck. Clangula hyemalis (L.). 18th cen-
tury. Ref. 22, 28, 41.
40. Common Scoter. Oidemia nigra nigra (L.). 18th
century. Ref. 22, 28, 41.
41. Red-breasted Merganser. Mergus serrator. L. Geo-
logical. 18th century. Ref. 22, 28, 37, 41.
42. Smew. Mergus albellus. L. 18th century. Ref. 22,
28, 41.
43. Cormorant. Phalacrocorax carbo carbo (L.). Geological,
17th century. Ref. 29, 34, 36, 37.
44. Storm Petrel. Hydrobates pelagicus (L.). 18th century.
Ref. 22, 28, 41.
45. Wandering Albatross. Diomedea exulans L. Geological.
Ref. 33. 37.
46. Little Grebe. Podiceps ruficollis ruficollis (Pall.). 18th
century. Ref. 22, 28, 41.
47. Red-throated Diver. Colymbus stellatus Pontopp.
Geological. Ref. 37.
48. Lapwing. Vanellus vanellus (L.). 17th, 18th centuries.
Ref. 6, 22, 28, 36, 41.
49. Dunlin. Calidris alpina subsp.? 18th century. Ref.
22, 28, 41.
50. Common Sandpiper. Tringa hypoleucos L. 18th cen-
tury. Ref. 22, 28, 41.
51. Common Redshank. Tringa totanus Manus (L.) 18th
century. Ref. 22, 28, 41.
52. Spotted Redshank. Tringa erythropus (Pall.). 18th
century. Ref. 22, 28, 41.
53. Greenshank. Tringa nebularia (Gunn.). 18th century.
Ref. 22, 28, 41.
54. Common Snipe. Capella gallinago gallinago (L.). 18th
century. Ref. 22, 28, 41.
55. Woodcock. Scolopax rusticola rusticola L. 19th cen-
tury. Ref. 12.
56. Black-headed Gull. Larus ridibundus ridibundus L.
17th century. Ref. 4, 14, 36.