178 THE ESSEX NATURALIST.
also in Switzerland and elsewhere ; the fruits with their ciliated
pappus scales look curiously like shuttlecocks.
Achillea Millefolium L. Yarrow. A, B. Very abundant. F.
Matricaria inodora L. Scentless May Weed. A, B. Abun-
dant. F.
M. Chamomilla L. Wild Chamomile. A, B. Abundant. F.
Chrysanthemum Parthenium (L.) Bernh. Feverfew. A. A
few plants. F. This is a native of South Europe and South-
west Asia, but has become widely distributed as an escape from
gardens. It used to be esteemed as a tonic against agues, hence
the English name.
Tanacetum vulgare L. Tansy. B. A single plant. Bitter
Tansy-cakes were formerly much eaten during Lent in this coun-
try, as a tonic.
Artemisia Absinthium L. Wormwood. B. Abundant in
one locality, both as seedlings and as tall bushy plants; this
fragrant herb has also tonic properties, and is used in the prepara-
tion of the spirit Absinthe, or Vermuth.
A. vulgaris L. Mugwort. A, B. In vast abundance, one
of the predominating plants, forming great colonies from two
to two and a half feet high.
Tussilago Farfara L. Coltsfoot. A, B. Abundant.
Senecio vulgaris L. Groundsel. A, B. Abundant. F.
S. viscosus L. Stinking Groundsel. A, B Abundant. F.
S. squalidus L. Oxford Ragwort. A, B. Several patches.
F. This South European plant is fast extending its range in
England.
Calendula vulgaris. Marigold. A, B. A garden escape,
native of the Mediterranean region.
Arctium minus Bernh. Small Burdock. A, B. In great
abundance.
Cirsium lanceolatum Scop. Spear Thistle. A, B. Abun-
dant.
C. arvense Scop. Field Thistle. A, B. Fairly common.
Centaurea nigra L. Knapweed. B. A single plant, forming
a large winter rosette.
Crepis capillaris (L.) Wallr. Smooth Hawksbeard. A, B.
Not uncommon. F.
Hypochaeris radicata L. Cat's Ear. A. Half a dozen
plants. F.