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THE ESSEX NATURALIST.
The curator exhibited various sketches, photographs and prints of
Essex which had been recently presented to, or otherwise acquired by,
the Club's Pictorial Survey collection and also a book of articles, press-
cuttings, photographs, etc., all relating to the late Lord Lister.
He also showed a pamphlet official Report on the Sewerage and Sani-
tary Condition of West Ham in 1855 by Alfred L. Dickens C.E., and also
a "Short Historical Sketch of the Development of West Ham under its
"Local Board," dated 1886.
Mr. Thompson further exhibited the printed Poll for the election of
two Knights of the Shire for the Southern Division of Essex, held in 1857.
Mr. J. Ross exhibited female and male flies of the Cynipid Synergus
apicalis Hartig. He explained that in September, 1939, three flies of
Andricus radicis form trilineatus emerged from cells in the base of an
artichoke gall which had been gathered from an oak twig in Epping Forest.
The artichoke gall was caused by the egg-laying of Andricus fecundatrix
f. pilosus, which emerged from a small gall on the oak catkin in June, and
placed its egg in an oak-bud. In this case the oak-bud used had already
been used by another fly, Andricus radicis, which had deposited at least
nine eggs in it. A radicis, an agamic form, emerges from the gall from
February to May, according to various authors, and therefore lays its
eggs before A. fecundatrix f. pilosus, a sexual form, which emerges in
June. The pupa of A. fecundatrix at the time the artichoke gall was
collected, would be in an internal gall, which in normal conditions would
fall from the outer gall. After the flies cf A. radicis f. trilineatus had
emerged in September, 1939, the base of the outer gall only was placed
in a tube, and in August, 1940, the two flies of the inquiline, S. apicalis,
and several chalcids (parasites) were found in the tube with the piece of
the gall. Two emergence holes were opened to show the gall chambers
from which A. radicis f. trilineatus emerged in September, 1939, and the
piece of the gall now shows, besides these two gall chambers, seven emer-
gence holes. Parts of outer galls and an internal gall of A. fecundatrix
and flies of A. fecundatrix, A. fecundatrix f. pilosus, and A. radicis f.
trilineatus, bred from galls collected in Epping Forest, were also shown-
A paper by Mr. Charles Hall Crouch, F.S.G., on "Spencer Turner and
"his Nursery: Another Forgotten Gardener-Botanist," was read, in
the unavoidable absence of the author, by the Hon. Secretary on his
behalf. Various tracings of early maps showing Turner's Nursery in
Leyton and Wanstead (Slip) and extracts from the Rate-Books of these
parishes, were exhibited in illustration of the paper.
The meeting then resolved itself into a conversazione, when the various
exhibits were inspected.
ORDINARY MEETING (816th MEETING).
SATURDAY, 30TH NOVEMBER, 1940.
This meeting was held at 2 o'clock on the above date in the Woodford
Parish Church Memorial Hall. A low record attendance of 14 members
was undoubtedly due to severe enemy attentions to London during the
preceding night.