SOME ESSEX NATURALISTS 317
England on the 17th of the same month, but was unable to
secure a passage to America until 5th August. Kalm filled
in the intervening time by visiting various places in these
islands, including several visits to Richard Warner at Wood-
ford Row.
According to Lucas's translation of Kalm's work, Kalm
did not long delay his call upon Warner, for he arrived on
the 28th February, 1748, only 11 days after landing in Eng-
land. In case there are any who have not read this book,
the following is a part of his description of the journey from
London to Woodford:—
The whole way there is nothing else but a succession
of beautiful houses, fertile arable fields and verdant
meadows. At all the houses there was commonly a garden
full of various beautiful trees. The whole of the land was
divided into inclosures which were surrounded by hedges
of all kinds of planted trees, especially Hawthorn, Sloe,
Dog-rose, Holly, together with a number of other trees
which had come to grow in the hedges. In some places,
especially nearer to London, there were high earth-banks
cast up, about four feet high, instead of hedges round the
fields. The beautiful appearance of the country must
altogether be ascribed to industry and labour. It resembles
one continuous pleasure garden from the many living
hedges there are everywhere."
On the 10th March, 1748, Kalm described Warner's gar-
den, and particularly the methods Warner adopted for
planting trees. He writes:—
"He had inherited a fine property which he in the
English fashion had rented out to farmers or tenants and
now lived on his rents out here on his estate, free from
all unrest and oppressive cares. He had travelled much,
had a deep insight into nearly all sciences, but particularly
horticulture, in which his principal pleasure consisted. I
amused myself sometimes in standing by and seeing how
he planted all sorts of different kinds of trees. He was not
very tender about it."
Kalm then proceeds to describe the planting, much as is
done in these days.