318 THE ESSEX NATURALIST
On the 18th April, Kalm described the four Seagulls which
were kept in the garden, two being the common sort of gull
and the others being a little larger and blacker which Warner
had got from Newfoundland. These gulls, with clipped
wings, wandered about the garden searching for food, in-
sects, etc. The only food they were given was either pieces
of raw meat or slices of bread. When called, they came
hurrying to be fed. Apparently, those from America were
very savage, and we are told that if you ran after them they
turned to fight, and if you then fled they quickly seized their
advantage and chased the tormentor.
Kalm also gives an interesting description of Woodford
and the way of life there in those days, but closes with the
comment:—
"This is also the reason why some of the inhabitants
of London partly have their own houses here, and partly
hire houses here, especially in the summer-time. For this
reason also, rooms here in the summer are often dearer
than in London itself."
Richard Warner died on 11th April, 1775, and was buried
in Woodford churchyard. There is a discrepancy between
the entry in the register and the inscription on his tomb,
the latter crediting him with being 64 years of age, whilst
the register correctly gives it as 62. Apparently, Warner
did not make an herbarium, although in his bequest to Wad-
ham College were included two volumes labelled "Hortus
Siccus"—the contents are unnamed and valueless. A col-
lection of mosses and lichens made by him in the West
country, particularly in Gloucestershire and Worcestershire,
are in the Museum of the Essex Field Club.
There is no known portrait of Warner, but we are told
that he was a pleasant, good-tempered, country gentleman
of the 18th century who most religiously followed his
father's custom of wearing black leather garters below the
knee.
His book is the famous "Plantae Woodfordiensis". In
the preface he mentions 22 gentlemen, his friends and com-
panions. Of those he names it is perhaps worthwhile
mentioning that Phillip Miller was the gardener at Chelsea
Physic Garden, William Hudson was the author of Flora
Anglica which was for very many years the only British