ANNUAL REPORT 339 The Essex Field Club Annual Report for 1960 IN January 1960 the Club celebrated the eightieth anniversary of its foundation. On such an occasion it is natural to look back, not without some pride, on the achievements of the past, but it is to the future that our attention should be directed. The changes that the next eighty years will bring to Essex, even in the most obvious aspect of urban development, can only be surmised, but the necessity is clear for an active, county-wide Field Club, a body of persons interested in the county and its natural history in the widest sense of the term. The Members of the Club to-day have a responsibility to their successors in eighty years' time, a responsibility which can partly be discharged by ensuring that the unavoidable urban development of Essex is achieved without doing irreparable harm to the natural amenities and value of the county. In addition, to-day's naturalists owe it to future generations to record the present state and status of the animals and plants which they study. It is with this in mind that the Council recommends to all naturalists, and particularly to our Members, the efforts being made by the Club's Recorders to collect information about the animals and plants of Essex. The past year has been satisfactory without being in any way outstanding in the development of the Club. It is pleasant to report that membership has shewn another increase. Forty persons have joined the Club during 1960, nine of them members under the age of 21. In addition, the Council has been pleased to admit to affiliation with the Club, Harwich County High School, and the Fisheries Laboratory, Burnham-on-Crouch. Losses from the membership amount to ten; this, the Council is sorry to announce, includes the death of Mr. F. J. Lamber of Leigh-on- Sea, who joined the Club in 1920, and was an active Member until a few years ago. The total number of Members and Affiliated Bodies now amounts to 283. However, the Council wishes to warn Members that unless the membership of the Club rises substantially within the next year it may become necessary to increase the annual subscription. Members are, therefore, urged to make the Club as widely known as possible amongst those of their friends who are in sympathy with the objects of the Club. The 1959 issue of The Essex Naturalist was published during the early part of the year. The Council regrets that it was delayed in this way, a delay that was occasioned by the dispute in the printing industry, but hopes that after the publication of the next (1960) issue in 1961 it will be possible to return to the regular issue of he Club's journal as before. The Club now has three Groups, those for Geology, for Botany and for Mammals, the latter two founded during the year. The