14 THE ESSEX NATURALIST Conclusions The accidental trogloxenes are numerous in both numbers and species. They may be of importance in the food supply of any troglophile-troglobite population of the deneholes. The fauna of the dark regions is probably poor in species, but should be more closely investigated. Human agencies probably greatly influence the fauna in various ways. A study of the microflora would be of interest and we hope to collect fungi and bacteria in the future. In any newly opened holes, immediate bacterial sampling and collection of any fauna would be of interest. Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Mr. E. J. Spence of Short & Mason Ltd., London, E.17, and Mr. K. Marshall, Curator of the Passmore Edwards Museum for the loan of equipment; the Boy Scout Group of the Royal Liberty School, Romford, for arranging some of the visits, and Brig. E. A. Glennie, Librarian of the Cave Research Group of Great Britain, for his useful advice concerning cave-fauna. We are indebted, also, to Miss I. Finch and Messrs A. A. Allen, R. S. George, C. R. C. Paul, E. E. Syms, A. C. Wheeler, and W. M. Young for help with the identification of specimens, and to Mr. E. Saunders for drawing the maps. References Blower, J. Gordon (1958). British Millipedes (Diplopoda). The Linnaean Society of London Synopses of the British Fauna. Caiger, J. E. L. (1954). The Denehole Controversy. Proc. Croydon Nat. Hist. & Sci. Soc, 12: 132-143. Cole, W. (1883). Saturday, June 17, 1882. A visit to the Deneholes in Hangman's Wood, Little Thurrock, Essex. Trans. Essex Field Club, 3: xxviii-xli. Cole, W. (1883). Saturday, September 9, 1882. A second visit to the Deneholes at Little Thurrock, Essex. Trans. Essex Field Club, 3: lvi-lx. Cole, W. (1885). Friday and Saturday, June 15 and 16. A third visit to the Deneholes in Hangman's Wood, Little Thurrock, Essex. J. Proc. Essex Field Club, 4: xx-xxiii. Cullingford, C H. D. (Ed.) (1953). British Caving. Chapters 9 and 10. London. George, R. S. (1959). The Fleas (Siphonaptera) of Essex. Essex Nat., 30: 193-198. Glennie, E. A. (1945). Cave Fauna. Publication No. 1 (Pt. 1) of the Cave Research Group of Great Britain. Holmes, T. V. (1883). On Deneholes. Trans. Essex Field Club, 3: 48-58. Holmes, T. V. (1885). Miscellaneous Notes on Deneholes, 1883. Trans. Essex Field Club, 4: 87-110. Holmes, T. V. & Cole, W. (1887). Report on the Denehole Exploration at Hangman's Wood, Grays, 1884 and 1887. Essex Nat., 1 : 225-256. Kloet, G. S. & Hincks, W. D. (1945). A Check List of British Insects. Stockport.