206
THE ESSEX NATURALIST
Hollow scrapers
Three tools of this type were found. They were formed by
the removal of a further flake, by striking the bulbar face; Nos. 9,
10 and 11 (Fig. 3) have been worked in this way. The flake (No.
10) has had further working to produce a jagged edge.
Beaked points
A number of flakes were found which have been worked to
form a beaked point at one end. The flake (Fig. 4, no. 12) has
been worked the whole way round and appears to have been an
all-purpose tool. The inner edge has been worked to form a
scraper with a beaked point at one end. The back of the flake
has had considerable secondary working and although it could
be used as a scraper, it was more likely used as a forefinger plat-
form. The flakes (Fig. 4, nos. 13 and 14) also possess this point
and have a limited amount of secondary working on the back of
the flake.
Butt end scrapers
Among the many scrapers which occur, a particular type which
has the secondary work on the butt or strike platform appears.
Two flakes possessing this feature were found (Fig. 4, no. 15, and
Fig. 5, no. 16).
Flakes with secondary working yet of no specific type
Many flakes occurred with secondary working which could not
be classified into any groups. No doubt they had their own
special use. These are represented by Nos. 17-19 (Fig. 5).
CONCLUSION
The implements described above are typical of what might be
described as the Middle-Clactonian industry, very similar to that
found at Clacton-on-Sea. The implements were probably used
by a wood-working community, hence the prevalence of hollow
scrapers and steep scrapers, which would have been of great use
for providing such wooden tools as the spear head found by
Warren in the Clacton channel. The re-touching of the flakes to
form flake tools is of very fine quality, especially on the tool shown
in No. 12 (Fig. 4). The beaked points show a marked similarity
to those found at Jaywick Sands (Oakley & Leakey, 1937). The
hammerstones were the most important find, as they have rarely
been found on sites of this age up to the present.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to thank Messrs. Walsham Limited, who kindly
allowed us to excavate; Mr. A. V. Gibson, who has been a con-
stant adviser, and Mr. W. Coote, who drew the flints described in
this Report. Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to the
many friends who gave assistance in excavating the site, especially
Mrs. Poole, Miss F. Erickson and Miss L. Poole. Also Messrs.