146
THE ESSEX NATURALIST
A few sorediate squamules on the decorticate parts of an old Salix stump
on farmland, Westley Heights, Langdon Hills. (1974, PME-B).
C. vitellina (Hoffm.) Mull. Arg.
Locally frequent on sandstone; less common on mortar, concrete and
asbestos-cement; very rare on Betula. 51/68, 69, 78, 79.
Sloping sandstone arches of railway bridge, Hutton (1971, PME-B);
horizontal surface of sandstone gravestone, All Saints' Church, Rettendon
(1971, IMH); bole of Betula, Brock Hill, (1972, IMH); concrete posts,
Pitsea Marsh (1972, IMH); horizontal surface of chest-tomb, All Saints'
Church, Hutton (1974, PME-B); corrugated asbestos-cement roof, Botney
Hill Farm, Little Burstead (1974, PME-B); mortar of brick railway bridge,
near Dunton Hall (1974, PME-B); horizontal surface of gravestone level
with the ground, Congregational Church, Billericay (1974, PME-B); top
of headstone in churchyard of St Mary's, Runwell (1974, PME-B).
Catillaria chalybeia (Borr.) Massal.
Scarce (probably overlooked) on brick and asbestos-cement. 51/68, 69.
Brick tunnel over stream, Hutton (1971, PME-B); corrugated asbestos-
cement roof, disused barracks, Langdon Hills (1974, PME-B).
C. griffithii (Sm.) Malme.
Scarce on Fraxinus and Ulmus 51/68, 79.
Bole of Fraxinus, Dunton Lodge (1974, PME-B); old Ulmus stump in
hedgerow of field by St Mary's Church, Runwell (1974, PME-B).
Cladonia chlorophaea (Florke ex Sommerf.) Spreng.
Scarce on the ground in damp situations. 51/69, 52/70.
On clay soil at base of railway embankment, Hutton (1971, PME-B);
on loamy soil, Galleywood Common (1972, IMH).
C. coniocraea (Florke) Spreng.
Common on tree boles and decaying stumps. 51/68, 69, 79, 52/70.
In most damp woods and coppices (1971-74; IMH, PME-B, SJH).
This species is the dominant member of the union Cladonietum conio-
craeae, and is often associated with Lecidea granulosa and Lepraria incana.
C. conista (Ach). Robb. ex Allen
Occassional on light loamy soils. 51/68, 69, 52/70.
Loamy soil, Galleywood Common (1972, IMH); roadside embankment,
Westley Heights, Langdon Hills (1974, PME-B); garden lawn, Norsey
Road, Billericay (1974, IMH).
C. fimbriata (L.) Fr.
Frequent on sandy and loamy soils, and on moss and soil over stone;
more rarely on mossy tree boles and trunks and rotting stumps. 51/68, 69,
78, 52/70.
Grows in a great variety of habitats throughout the area (1971-74; IMH,
PME-B, SJH).